PARADOKS PULAU KECIL: Wisata dan Batas Ekologis

Adrianto, L., Kurniawan, F., Romadhon, A., Bengen, D. G., Sjafrie, N. D. M., Damar, A., & Kleinertz, S. (2021). Assessing social-ecological system carrying capacity for urban small island tourism: The case of Tidung Islands, Jakarta Capital Province, Indonesia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 212, 105844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105844

Adshead, D., Paszkowski, A., Gall, S. S., Peard, A., Adnan, M. S. G., Verschuur, J., & Hall, J. W. (2024). Climate threats to coastal infrastructure and sustainable development outcomes. Nature Climate Change, 14(4), 344. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41558-024-01950-2

Aldyan, R. A. (2023). The impact of climate change on water resources and food security in Indonesia. Deleted Journal, 1(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.62264/jlej.v1i1.2

Allam, Z., Soomauroo, Z., & Sharifi, A. (2025). Disproportionate impact: advancing climate justice for Small Islands. Discover Sustainability, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00303-5

Alwi, M., Mutaqin, B. W., & Marfai, M. A. (2025). Coastal management based on multi-hazard assessment in the very small islands of Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Anthropocene Coasts, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44218-025-00069-x

Arifin, Z., Joelianingsih, J., Deng, Y., & Aryanto, N. C. D. (2024). Small island futures: A conference report on the pathways to resilience and development. Marine Policy, 167, 106266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106266

Authier, R., Pillot, B., Guimbretière, G., Corral-Broto, P., & Gervet, C. (2024). Towards sustainable land management in small islands: A Water-Energy-Food nexus approach. PLoS ONE, 19(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310632

Bailey, A., Moglia, M., & Glackin, S. (2024). Participatory justice and climate adaptation for water management in Small Island Developing States: a systematic literature review and discussion. Regional Environmental Change, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02182-y

Bakti, L. A., Marjono, M., Ciptadi, G., & Putra, F. R. R. (2021). Resilience Thinking Approach to Protect Marine Biodiversity in Small Islands: A Case of Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 933(1), 12012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/933/1/012012

Balzan, M. V., Potschin-Young, M., & Haines‐Young, R. (2018). Island ecosystem services: insights from a literature review on case-study island ecosystem services and future prospects [Review of Island ecosystem services: insights from a literature review on case-study island ecosystem services and future prospects]. International Journal of Biodiversity Science Ecosystems Services & Management, 14(1), 71. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2018.1439103

Bellard, C., Marino, C., Butt, N., Fernández‐Palacios, J. M., Rigal, F., Robuchon, M., Lenoir, J., Irl, S. D. H., Benítez‐López, A., Capdevila, P., Zhu, G., Caetano, G. H. de O., Denelle, P., Philippe‐Lesaffre, M., Schipper, A. M., Foden, W., Kissling, W. D., & Leclerc, C. (2024). A framework to quantify the vulnerability of insular biota to global change. HAL (Le Centre Pour La Communication Scientifique Directe). https://hal.science/hal-04550966

Blasco, M. J. V., Planelles, M., Fernández, P. A., & Morant, M. (2016). Recreational carrying capacity on small mediterranean islands. Cuadernos de Turismo, 37, 437. https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.37.256341

Calado, H., Caña-Varona, M., Vivero, J. L. S. de, Moniz, F., Halim, F., Lima, D. C. de, Hipólito, C., Menini, E., Kramel, D., Vergílio, M., & Ferreira, M. A. (2020). Island geography shaping maritime space in Macaronesia. Europa XXI, 36, 89. https://doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.36.8

Casarrubias, C. R., López, J. L. A., Alviso, C. R., Bello, M. C., & Salinas, S. V. (2025). Community Environmental Leadership and Sustainability: Building Knowledge from the Local Level. Sustainability, 17(8), 3626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su17083626

Chen, S., Liu, N., Li, X., Gong, Y., & Xiao, Y. (2021). Comprehensive evaluation of environmental dimension reduction of multi-type islands: a sustainable development perspective. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(14), 20947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17240-9

David, C. G., Hennig, A., Ratter, B., Roeber, V., Zahid, ‎, & Schlurmann, T. (2020). Climate change induced effects or maldevelopment: small islands and conflicting attribution of root causes. EarthArXiv (California Digital Library). https://doi.org/10.31223/x5888p

Deenapanray, P. N. K., & Trærup, S. L. M. (2021). Technology needs assessment for climate change adaptation: Experiences of Mauritius and Seychelles. Regional Environmental Change, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-021-01859-y

Dulal, H. B., Shah, K. U., & Ahmad, N. (2009). Social Equity Considerations in the Implementation of Caribbean Climate Change Adaptation Policies. Sustainability, 1(3), 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1030363

Fei, J., Lin, Y., Jiang, Q., Jiang, K., Li, P., & Ye, G. (2021). Spatiotemporal coupling coordination measurement on islands’ economy-environment-tourism system. Ocean & Coastal Management, 212, 105793. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ocecoaman.2021.105793

Fernandes, R., & Pinho, P. (2015). The distinctive nature of spatial development on small islands. Progress in Planning, 112, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2015.08.001

Filho, W. L., Krishnapillai, M. V., Sidsaph, H., Nagy, G. J., Luetz, J. M., Dyer, J., Ha’apio, M. O., Havea, P. H., Raj, K., Singh, P., Rogers, T. G., Li, C., Boodhan, M. K., Wolf, F., Ayal, D. Y., & Azadi, H. (2021). Climate Change Adaptation on Small Island States: An Assessment of Limits and Constraints. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(6), 602. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jmse9060602

Firdaus, A., Tantu, A. G., Baharuddin, B., Syafri, c, & Manaf, M. (2020). Sustainability Variables And Indicators Small Islands: Literature Review. International Journal of Advanced Research, 8(7), 1300. https://doi.org/ 10.21474/ijar01/11399

Flour, P. O. S., & Bokhoree, C. (2022). A fuzzy based sustainability assessment tool for small island states. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 4, 100123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100123

Gaonkar, S., & Sukthankar, S. V. (2025). Measuring and evaluating the influence of cultural sustainability indicators on sustainable cultural tourism development: Scale development and validation. Heliyon, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42514

Ghasemi, M., González-García, A., Charrahy, Z., & Serrao‐Neumann, S. (2024). Utilizing supply-demand bundles in Nature-based Recreation offers insights into specific strategies for sustainable tourism management. The Science of The Total Environment, 922, 171185. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2024.171185

Grilli, G., Tyllianakis, E., Luisetti, T., Ferrini, S., & Turner, R. K. (2020). Prospective tourist preferences for sustainable tourism development in Small Island Developing States. Tourism Management, 82, 104178. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.tourman.2020.104178

Hakim, L., Deoranto, P., Ayu, T., Pangеstuti, Е., & Natalia, D. C. (2023). Mangrove Biodiversity and Conservations: Foundation Toward Ecotourism Implementation in Bintan Island, Indonesia. International Journal of Conservation Science, 14(3), 1139. https://doi.org/10.36868/ ijcs.2023.03.23

Harahap, R., Masselink, G., & Boulton, S. J. (2025). A coastal risk analysis for the outermost small islands of Indonesia: a multiple natural hazards approach. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105377. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr.2025.105377

Herbert, S. (2019). Development Characteristics of Small Island Developing States. OpenDocs (Institute of Development Studies). http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/ 123456789/14624

Hillbom, E., Palacio, A., & Tegunimataka, A. (2022). How do Small Island Developing States Meet the Sustainable Development Goals? Journal of Sustainable Development, 16(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n1p17

Karaca, Ü., & Ayhan, Ç. K. (2025). İklim Değişikliğinin Adalar Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Ekolojik Kırılganlık Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. DergiPark (Istanbul University). https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ljar/issue/92928/1716042

Kurniawan, F., Adrianto, L., Bengen, D. G., & Prasetyo, L. B. (2019). The social-ecological status of small islands: An evaluation of island tourism destination management in Indonesia. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.04.004

Lessy, M. R., Lassa, J., & Zander, K. K. (2025). Development of small island vulnerability index to achieve sustainable development goals: Insight from Ternate Volcanic Island, Indonesia. Environmental Challenges, 19, 101132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2025.101132

Martanto, D., & Nasihuddin, A. A. (2023). Data-Based Policy as a solution to overcome illegal mining of Mount Botak, Buru Regency, Mollucas Province for sustainable development. Proceeding ICMA-SURE, 2(1), 76. https:// doi.org/10.20884/2.procicma.2023.2.1.7793

Matovu, B., & Raimy, M. E. (2022). Integrating the Climate Change Migration Paradox into the Maritime Jurisdiction of Small Island Developing Countries (SIDs)†. KMI International Journal of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, 14(2), 133. https://doi.org/10.54007/ijmaf.2022.14.2.133

McSherry, M., Davis, R. P., Andradi‐Brown, D. A., Ahmadia, G. N., Kempen, M. V., & Brian, S. W. (2023). Integrated mangrove aquaculture: The sustainable choice for mangroves and aquaculture? Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1094306

Mohan, P. (2025). Climate change adaptation in small island developing states: evidence from the nationally determined contributions of Caribbean States. Regional Environmental Change, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-025-02369-x

Mycoo, M., Campbell, D., Pinnegar, J. K., Warrick, O., Zealand, N., Cruz, F., Devenish‐Nelson, E. S., Ebi, K. L., Loehr, J., Mahon, R., & McNaught, R. (2023). Small Islands. In Cambridge University Press eBooks (p. 2043). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.017

Mycoo, M., Wairiu, M., Campbell, D., Duvat, V., Golbuu, Y., Maharaj, S., Nalau, J., Nunn, P. D., Pinnegar, J. K., & Warrick, O. (2022). Chapter 15: Small Islands. HAL (Le Centre Pour La Communication Scientifique Directe). https://hal.science/ hal-03704367

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Nur, M., Nurbayani, K. S., Jumadi, J., Supriadi, A., Hasni, H., & Sultan, H. (2023). Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishermen Communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia. BIO Web of Conferences, 70, 5007. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237005007

Nurhasanah, I. S., & Broeck, P. V. den. (2022). Towards a Sustainable Metamorphosis of a Small Island Tourism: Dynamizing Capacity Building, Alternating Governance Arrangements, and Emerging Political Bargaining Power. Sustainability, 14(12), 6957. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14126957

Nurhasanah, I. S., Hudalah, D., & Broeck, P. V. den. (2023). Systematic Literature Review on Alternative Governance Arrangements for Resource Deficient Situations: Small Island Community-Based Ecotourism. Island Studies Journal, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.24043/001c.85173

Pathirana, A. (2025). Small islands: living laboratories revealing global climate and sustainable development challenges. Frontiers in Climate, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fclim.2024.1445378

Phan, T. D., Bertone, E., Pham, T., & Pham, T. (2021). Perceptions and willingness to pay for water management on a highly developed tourism island under climate change: A Bayesian network approach. Environmental Challenges, 5, 100333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100333

Polido, A., João, E., & Ramos, T. B. (2014). Sustainability approaches and strategic environmental assessment in small islands: An integrative review. Ocean & Coastal Management, 96, 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.05.005

Poti, M., Hugé, J., Shanker, K., Koedam, N., & Dahdouh‐Guebas, F. (2022). Learning from small islands in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO): A systematic review of responses to environmental change [Review of Learning from small islands in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO): A systematic review of responses to environmental change]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 227, 106268. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106268

Praene, J.-P. (2020). Energy and territories : A multi-scale approach to ecological transition. HAL (Le Centre Pour La Communication Scientifique Directe). https://hal.univ-reunion.fr/tel-03106547

Programme, U. N. D. (2024). Small Island Digital States: How Digital Can Catalyse SIDS Development. In United Nations eBooks. United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/9789213589670

Quijozaca, J. A., Aguado, M., & González, J. A. (2025). Linking Ecosystem Services, Cultural Identity, and Subjective Wellbeing in an Emergent Cultural Landscape of the Galápagos Islands. Land, 14(11), 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14112208

Raman, R., Filho, W. L., Martín, H., Ray, S., Das, D., & Nedungadi, P. (2024). Exploring Sustainable Development Goal Research Trajectories in Small Island Developing States. Sustainability, 16(17), 7463. https://doi.org/10.3390 /su16177463

Risamasu, M. (2024). The Suku Asli spirituality as relevant variable for sustainable development in coastal area. E3S Web of Conferences, 506, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450602004

Robinson, S., Carlson, D., Bouton, E., Dolan, M., Meakem, A., Messer, A., & Roberts, J. T. (2022). The dynamics of institutional arrangements for climate change adaptation in small island developing states in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Sustainability Science, 18(1), 251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01186-z

Romadhon, A., Jakfar, A. A., & Sugiarti, T. (2025). Assessing cultural ecosystem service status for small island tourism: (Case study Sapudi Island, Indonesia). The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ejar.2025.09.004

Romadhon, A., Rini, D. A. S., & Hilyana, S. (2025). Ecological risk assessment for sustainable tourism on Saobi Island, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Ethnobiology, 8(2), 291. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjethnobiol/y080213

Romadhon, A., Suhartono, S., & Rini, D. A. S. (2020). Investment Feasibility of Ecotourism Development in Small Island. Omni-Akuatika, 16(3), 83. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.3.855

Romadhon, A., Yulianda, F., Bengen, D. G., & Adrianto, L. (2014). Sustainable Tourism Based on Carrying Capacity and Ecological Footprint at Sapeken Archipelago, Indonesia. International Journal of Ecosystem, 4(4), 190. https://doi.org/doi:10.5923/j.ije.20140404.05

Rujita, B. F. (2021). Examining Climate Change, Tourism, and Sustainability in Small Islands, with Reference to the Balearic Islands, the Caribbean Islands, and the Pacific Islands. Tourisma Jurnal Pariwisata, 3(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajts.v3i1.68446

Saptenno, M. J., & Timisela, N. R. (2024). Assessing the Role of Local Sasi Practices in Environmental Conservation and Community Economic Empowerment in Maluku, Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(4), 1407. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190418

Schmidpeter, R., Mitra, N., & Lewtas, B. (2020). The Future of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Business Perspectives for Global Development in 2030. In CSR, sustainability, ethics & governance (p. 1). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53775-3_1

Sealey, K. S. (2024). Assessing coastal vulnerability and climate resilience for Caribbean small island states using ecological principles. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105, 104410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104410

Servières, L., & Poncabare, S. (2025). Climate resilient urban development: an agenda for Small Island Developing States. Npj Urban Sustainability, 5(1). https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s42949-025-00278-w

Shah, K. U. (2024). Profiling national institutional archetypes for climate change technology implementation: application in small islands and least developed countries. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 29(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10134-4

Silva, J. da, Fernandes, V., Limont, M., & Rauen, W. B. (2020). Sustainable development assessment from a capitals perspective: Analytical structure and indicator selection criteria [Review of Sustainable development assessment from a capitals perspective: Analytical structure and indicator selection criteria]. Journal of Environmental Management, 260, 110147. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110147

Steward, R., Chopin, P., & Verburg, P. H. (2025). Impact-driven spatial planning for future-proofing small island states: A scenario-based land model analysis in Curaçao. Applied Geography, 178, 103604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103604

Tandrayen‐Ragoobur, V., Lamy-Giner, M.-A., Moncada, S., & Taglioni, F. (2021). Perception versus Reality: Major Stakeholders and Progress towards Sustainable Development Goals in the South-West Indian Ocean. HAL (Le Centre Pour La Communication Scientifique Directe). https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03447794

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Trigg, M. A., Dehghani, M. S., Kesete, Y. Y., Carr, A. B., Trigg, S. G., Zekkos, D., Lopez, D., Pertierra, M., Westen, C. J. van, Jetten, V., & Ogden, F. L. (2022). Realities of bridge resilience in Small Island Developing States. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-022-10035-4

Triyono, T., Utami, P. B., Barid, V. B., Lukman, K. M., Gunawan, B., Ihsan, Y. N., Jogaswara, H., & Sjafrie, N. D. M. (2023). THE Paradox Between Economic Gain And Environmental Sustainability: A Case Of Small Island Tourism In Pari Island, Indonesia. Tourism in Marine Environments, 19(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427323x17026460566015

Vunibola, S. (2023). “Want to help someone? Shut up and listen”: Foreign aid, maladaptation, and community development practices in the Pacific. Development Policy Review, 41. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12751

Vunibola, S., & Scobie, M. (2022). Islands of Indigenous innovation: reclaiming and reconceptualising innovation within, against and beyond colonial‐capitalism. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 52, 4. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/03036758.2022.2056618

Wuddivira, M. N., Caires, S. A. D., Joseph, J., Atwell, M. A., & Lewis-Cameron, A. (2023). An influencer pathway framework for sustainable tourism in SIDS ecotourism hotspots: A case of Aripo ecosystems, Trinidad. Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsut.2023.1117006

Yandri, P., Kusumartono, F. H., Rianto, N., & Putri, I. A. P. (2020). Understanding the Implementation of Small-Scale Water and Other Infrastructure Developments in Small Islands in Indonesia: A Rapid Survey in Bintan and Mandeh Islands. Forum Geografi, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.23917/ forgeo.v34i2.9224

Yuan , C., Dahai, L., Wenxiu, X., & Jing, W. (2020). Island ecosystem health in the context of human activities with different types and intensities. 281. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jclepro.2020.125334

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Alwi, M., Mutaqin, B. W., & Marfai, M. A. (2023). Shoreline Dynamics in the Very Small Islands of Karimunjawa – Indonesia: A Preliminary Study. Geoplanning Journal of Geomatics and Planning, 10(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.14710/ geoplanning.10.1.73-82

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Apprill, A., & Salerno, J. L. (2025). Reef water microorganisms as diagnostic indicators for coral reef ecosystem management and sustainability. Cell Reports Sustainability, 2(5), 100403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsus.2025.100403

Arbulú, I., Razumova, M., Rey‐Maquieira, J., & Sastre, F. (2021). Measuring risks and vulnerability of tourism to the COVID-19 crisis in the context of extreme uncertainty: The case of the Balearic Islands. Tourism Management Perspectives, 39, 100857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100857

Ashorn, M., Allen, T., Guo, J., & Rocklöv, J. (2025). Assessing children’s vulnerability to climate change in Small Island Developing States – A case study from Saint Kitts and Nevis. PLOS Climate, 4(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pclm.0000789

Backes, D., & Teferle, F. N. (2020). Multiscale Integration of High-Resolution Spaceborne and Drone-Based Imagery for a High-Accuracy Digital Elevation Model Over Tristan da Cunha. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00319

Balzan, M. V., Potschin-Young, M., & Haines‐Young, R. (2018). Island ecosystem services: insights from a literature review on case-study island ecosystem services and future prospects [Review of Island ecosystem services: insights from a literature review on case-study island ecosystem services and future prospects]. International Journal of Biodiversity Science Ecosystems Services & Management, 14(1), 71. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2018.1439103

BARROS, Y. G., Lucas, C. C., & Soares, M. de O. (2021). An urban intertidal reef is dominated by fleshy macroalgae, sediment, and bleaching of a resilient coral (Siderastrea stellata). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 173, 112967. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.marpolbul.2021.112967

Bellard, C., Marino, C., Butt, N., Fernández‐Palacios, J. M., Rigal, F., Robuchon, M., Lenoir, J., Irl, S. D. H., Benítez‐López, A., Capdevila, P., Zhu, G., Caetano, G. H. de O., Denelle, P., Philippe‐Lesaffre, M., Schipper, A. M., Foden, W., Kissling, W. D., & Leclerc, C. (2024). A framework to quantify the vulnerability of insular biota to global change. HAL (Le Centre Pour La Communication Scientifique Directe). https://hal.science/hal-04550966

Benzaken, D., Adam, J. P., Virdin, J., & Voyer, M. (2024). From concept to practice: financing sustainable blue economy in Small Island Developing States, lessons learnt from the Seychelles experience. Marine Policy, 163, 106072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106072

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Bhatia, N., & Cumming, G. S. (2020). Deforestation and economic growth trends on oceanic islands highlight the need for meso-scale analysis and improved mid-range theory in conservation. Ecology and Society, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-11713-250310

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