KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MANAJEMEN INOVATIF: Strategi Adaptif Menghadapi Era VUCA dalam Pengelolaan Pendidikan Vokasi
Kata Kunci:
kepemimpinan, manajemen inovatifSinopsis
Transformasi dalam dunia pendidikan tidak hanya membutuhkan perubahan pada kurikulum dan teknologi pembelajaran, tetapi juga pada pola kepemimpinan dan sistem manajemen yang lebih inovatif, adaptif, dan berorientasi masa depan. Oleh karena itu, buku berjudul Kepemimpinan Dan Manajemen Inovatif: Strategi Adaptif Menghadapi Era VUCA Dalam Pengelolaan Pendidikan Vokasi ini hadir sebagai respons terhadap dinamika dan tantangan pendidikan vokasi yang kian kompleks di tengah perubahan global yang ditandai oleh era VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity). Buku ini mencoba memberikan kontribusi intelektual sekaligus praktikal terhadap kebutuhan kepemimpinan dan manajemen pendidikan vokasi yang mampu menjawab tantangan zaman.
Secara garis besar, buku ini terdiri atas tujuh bab yang saling terintegrasi. Bab I menyajikan pendahuluan yang membingkai konteks perubahan global dan urgensi pembaruan dalam pendidikan vokasi. Bab II membahas secara konseptual tentang kepemimpinan inovatif, termasuk definisi, karakteristik, serta berbagai tipologinya seperti kepemimpinan transformasional, distributif, pelayanan, dan visioner. Bab III menggambarkan konsep manajemen inovatif dalam lembaga pendidikan, disertai perbandingan antara manajemen konvensional dan inovatif serta prinsip-prinsip manajemen menurut berbagai ahli. Bab IV dan V secara aplikatif membahas strategi implementasi dan studi kasus, baik dari praktik di Finlandia maupun program nasional seperti “Sekolah Penggerak”. Sementara itu, Bab VI mengulas tantangan-tantangan implementatif serta solusi strategis yang dapat diterapkan di lapangan. Bab VII menutup dengan kesimpulan dan rekomendasi untuk mendorong keberlanjutan inovasi.
Di bagian akhir, buku ini juga dilengkapi dengan Executive Policy Brief yang dapat digunakan oleh para pengambil kebijakan sebagai referensi praktis dalam merancang roadmap transformasi pendidikan vokasi. Buku ini ditujukan bagi kalangan akademisi, pengelola lembaga pendidikan vokasi, praktisi pendidikan, maupun pembuat kebijakan yang ingin memahami dan menerapkan pendekatan kepemimpinan serta manajemen inovatif dalam konteks pendidikan vokasional di Indonesia. Dengan pendekatan interdisipliner, referensi terkini, dan studi kontekstual, kami berharap buku ini dapat menjadi rujukan strategis sekaligus inspiratif.
Bab
-
PENGANTAR
-
DAFTAR ISI
-
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
-
BAB 2 KONSEP DASAR KEPIMIMPINAN INOVATIF DALAM PENDIDIKAN
-
BAB 3 KONSEP MANAJEMEN INOVATIF DALAM LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN
-
BAB 4 STRATEGI IMPLEMENTASI KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MANAJEMEN INOVATIF
-
BAB 5 POTRET LAPANGAN DAN REALISASI
-
BAB 6 TANTANGAN DAN SOLUSI IMPLEMENTATIF
-
BAB 7 PENUTUP
-
GLOSARIUM
-
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
-
TENTANG PENULIS
Downloads
Referensi
Agrawal, R., & Pillai, J. S. (2020). Augmented Reality Application in Vocational Education: A Case of Welding Training. Companion Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces, 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1145/3380867.3426199
Ahtiainen, R., Fonsén, E., & Kiuru, L. (2021). Finnish early childhood education and care leaders’ perceptions of pedagogical leadership and assessment of the implementation of the National Core Curriculum in times of change. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 46(2), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/18369391211010971
Aktaş, B. N. (2024). Architects of innovation: How visionary leadership shapes and drives innovative human resources management practices. Innovative Human Resource Management for SMEs, January, 39–61. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0972-8.ch003
Al-Kumaim, N. H., Alhazmi, A. K., Mohammed, F., Gazem, N. A., Shabbir, M. S., & Fazea, Y. (2021). Exploring the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on university students’ learning life: An integrated conceptual motivational model for sustainable and healthy online learning. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(5), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052546
Al-Thani, G. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Stakeholder Integration in Education Policy Making: Case Studies of Singapore and Finland. Societies, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14070104
AlGerafi, M. A. M., Zhou, Y., Oubibi, M., & Wijaya, T. T. (2023). Unlocking the Potential: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education. Electronics (Switzerland), 12(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183953
Aljawarneh, S. A. (2020). Reviewing and exploring innovative ubiquitous learning tools in higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-019-09207-0
Almeida, L. G. G., Vasconcelos, N. V. d., Winkler, I., & Catapan, M. F. (2023). Innovating Industrial Training with Immersive Metaverses: A Method for Developing Cross-Platform Virtual Reality Environments. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158915
Almusharraf, A. (2021). EFL learners’ confidence, attitudes, and practice towards learning pronunciation. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 32, 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12408
Álvarez Risco, A. R., & Del Águila Arcentales, S. M. (2023). Negocios internacionales, tendencias globales y la formación profesional en el marco de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial. Política Internacional, 130, 41–61. https://doi.org/10.61249/pi.vi130.27
Anderson, T. M., Secrest, K., Krein, S. L., Schildhouse, R., Guetterman, T. C., Harrod, M., Trumpower, B., Kronick, S. L., Pribble, J., Chan, P. S., & Nallamothu, B. K. (2021). Best Practices for Education and Training of Resuscitation Teams for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 14(2), E008587. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.121.008587
Anisimova, O. (2021). Financing Vocational Education and Training: Models and Best Practices. Educational Analytics of Ukraine, 2, 93–100. https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2021-2-93-100
Ant, M. (2022). Eğitim Yönetiminde Girişimci Liderliğin Karakteristik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences, 8(17), 501–512. https://doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.8.17.30
Arifah Fitriyah, L., Septiyanti, N. D., Fitriyah, E. I., Rukmana, A. Y., Wahyuningsih, D., AKbar, M. R., Romlah, L. S., Arsana, I. N. A., Pratama, R. Y., Adhani, A., & Fayola, A. D. (2023). Teknologi Pendidikan - Virtual Reality dan Augmented Reality dalam Pendidikan. Sumatera: Get Press Indonesia, November, 115–129. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muh-Akbar-7/publication/375498990_Teknologi_Pendidikan_-_Virtual_Reality_dan_Augmented_Reality_dalam_Pendidikan/links/654ccb54b1398a779d744cb8/Teknologi-Pendidikan-Virtual-Reality-dan-Augmented-Reality-dalam-Pendidikan
Balandya, E., Sunguya, B., Gunda, D. W., Kidenya, B., Nyamhanga, T., Minja, I. K., Mahande, M., Mmbaga, B. T., Mshana, S. E., Mteta, K., Bartlett, J., & Lyamuya, E. (2021). Building sustainable research capacity at higher learning institutions in Tanzania through mentoring of the Young Research Peers. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02611-0
Barbuto, J. E., Gottfredson, R. K., & Searle, T. P. (2014). An Examination of Emotional Intelligence as an Antecedent of Servant Leadership. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 21(3), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051814531826
BEDER, N. (2021). Handbook for change of course for managers. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 145–153. https://doi.org/10.14744/ysbed.2021.00012
Benjamin, S., Salonen, V., Gearon, L., Koirikivi, P., & Kuusisto, A. (2021). Safe space, dangerous territory: Young people’s views on preventing radicalization through education—perspectives for pre-service teacher education. Education Sciences, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050205
Bernard, M. B. (1990). From Transactional to Transformative Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19–31.
Bilbokaitė, R. (2024). Globalūs iššūkiai kaip švietimo organizacijų vadovų globalias kompetencijas įgalinantys veiksniai. 53, 144–162.
Billett, S. (2004). From your business to our business: Industry and vocational education in Australia. Oxford Review of Education, 30(1), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498042000190041
Bou Nassar, J. A., Malard, J. J., Adamowski, J. F., Ramírez Ramírez, M., Medema, W., & Tuy, H. (2021). Multi-level storylines for participatory modeling - Involving marginalized communities in Tz’olöj Ya’, Mayan Guatemala. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 25(3), 1283–1306. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1283-2021
Brazill, S., & Ruff, B. (2022). Using Transformational Leadership to Create Brave Space in Teaching Multicultural Education Theoretical Perspectives and Context Study Purpose and Research Questions Methods Data Sources and Evidence Key Findings and Discussions Recommendations and Implic. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 24(2), 2022.
Burke, G. (2016). VET: finance and quality (pp. 97–110).
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. In Leadership. (pp. ix, 530–ix, 530). Harper & Row.
Carmeli, A., Gelbard, R., & Gefen, D. (2010). The importance of innovation leadership in cultivating strategic fit and enhancing firm performance. Leadership Quarterly, 21(3), 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.001
Chabalala, G., & Naidoo, P. (2021). Teachers’ and middle managers’ experiences of principals’ instructional leadership towards improving curriculum delivery in schools. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v11i1.910
Chan, V. S., Haron, H. N. H., Isham, M. I. B. M., & Mohamed, F. Bin. (2022). VR and AR virtual welding for psychomotor skills: a systematic review. In Multimedia Tools and Applications (Vol. 81, Issue 9). Multimedia Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12293-5
Chandler, T., Richards, A. E., Jenny, B., Dickson, F., Huang, J., Klippel, A., Neylan, M., Wang, F., & Prober, S. M. (2022). Immersive landscapes: modelling ecosystem reference conditions in virtual reality. Landscape Ecology, 37(5), 1293–1309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01313-8
Chatterjee, P. (2024). Innovative Strategies in Education Management: Adapting to 21st Century Challenges. American Journal of Economics and Business Management, 7(8), 266–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v7i8.2869
Chen, C. S., & Lin, J. W. (2021). An action research on the long-term implementation of an engineering-centered pjbl of sustainable energy in a rural middle school. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910626
Coates, H., Meek, L., Brown, J., Friedman, T., Noonan, P., & Mitchell, J. (2013). VET leadership for the future - characteristics, contexts and capabilities. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 37(6), 819–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2012.684042
Crossman, B., & Cameron, R. (2014). A comparative thematic review of vocational leadership literature from the USA, Great Britain and Australia. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 19(4), 393–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2014.955374
Doeleman, H. J., van Dun, D. H., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2022). Leading open strategizing practices for effective strategy implementation. Journal of Strategy and Management, 15(1), 54–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-09-2020-0253
Doukanari, E., Ktoridou, D., Efthymiou, L., & Epaminonda, E. (2021). The quest for sustainable teaching praxis: Opportunities and challenges of multidisciplinary and multicultural teamwork. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(13), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137210
Eaton, L., Bridgman, T., & Cummings, S. (2024). Advancing the democratization of work: A new intellectual history of transformational leadership theory. Leadership, 20(3), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150241232705
Eklund, G., Sundqvist, C., Lindell, M., & Toppinen, H. (2020). A study of Finnish primary school teachers’ experiences of their role and competences by implementing the three-tiered support. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2020.1790885
Ererdi, C., Nurgabdeshov, A., Kozhakhmet, S., Rofcanin, Y., & Demirbag, M. (2022). International HRM in the context of uncertainty and crisis: a systematic review of literature (2000–2018). International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(12), 2503–2540. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2020.1863247
Farhan, B. Y. (2024). Visionary leadership and innovative mindset for sustainable business development: Case studies and practical applications. Research in Globalization, 8(April), 100219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2024.100219
Gao, J. (2024). Exploring the Reform of University Education Management from the Perspective of Innovative Education. Transactions on Comparative Education, 6(5), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.23977/trance.2024.060504
Georgousis, E., Savelides, S., Mosios, S., Holokolos, M. V., & Drinia, H. (2021). The need for geoethical awareness: The importance of geoenvironmental education in geoheritage understanding in the case of meteora geomorphes, greece. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126626
Gibson, C., Van Iddekinge, C. H., & Vaughn, D. (2021). Hiring during a pandemic: Insights from the front lines of research and practice. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 14(1–2), 105–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2021.8
Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review (HBR), 78(2), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315250601-9
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant Leadership: A Journey Into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness (25 Anniver). PAULIST PRESS, NEW YORK/MAHWAHJ, N.J.
Groff, W. H. (1983). from the SAGE Social Science Collections . Rights Reserved . Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science SAGE Publishing, 503(1), 122–136.
Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed Leadership. In Second International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Administration. (pp. 653–654). Springer International Handbooks of Education.
Gureva, M. A., Kirillov, A. V., Vinichenko, M. V., Melnichuk, A. V., & Melnychuk, Y. A. (2016). Management of innovations and innovative process: Concept, essence, classification and diffusion. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(6), 147–153.
Habibi, A., Riady, Y., Alqahtani, T. M., Rifki, A., Albelbisi, N. A., Fauzan, M., & Habizar, H. (2022). Online Project-Based Learning for ESP: Determinants of Learning Outcomes during Covid-19. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(3), 985–1001. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i3.24928
Hakim, Y. R. Al, Sagita, D. S., & Irfan, M. (2024). Eksplorasi Peran Kepemimpinan Transformasional dalam Mendorong Inovasi Organisasi. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(5), 1630–1637. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i5.1147
Halász, G. (2011). Coping with complexity and instability in the UK vocational training system. European Journal of Education, 46(4), 581–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2011.01502.x
Hardy, I., Heikkinen, H., Pennanen, M., Salo, P., & Kiilakoski, T. (2020). The ‘spirit of the times’: Fast policy for educational reform in Finland. Policy Futures in Education, 19(7), 770–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210320971530
Harknett, J., Whitworth, M., Rust, D., Krokos, M., Kearl, M., Tibaldi, A., Bonali, F. L., Van Wyk de Vries, B., Antoniou, V., Nomikou, P., Reitano, D., Falsaperla, S., Vitello, F., & Becciani, U. (2022). The use of immersive virtual reality for teaching fieldwork skills in complex structural terrains. Journal of Structural Geology, 163(August), 104681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104681
Harrington, H., & Voehl, F. (2013). Innovation management: A breakthrough approach to organizational excellence-Part 1. International Journal of Innovation Science, 5(4), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.5.4.213
Harris, A. (2004). Distributed Leadership and School Improvement: Leading or Misleading? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 32(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143204039297
Hunter, J. C. (2012). The servant: a simple story about the true essence of leadership (2012th ed.). The Crown Publishing Group;Crown Business.
Ismailova, Z., Mustafоevа, D., & Mamatalieva, M. (2025). Fundamentals of the Development of Managerial Competence of Specialized Personnel. BIO Web of Conferences, 151. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202515104022
JAQUA, E., & JAQUA, T. (2021). Visionary leadership. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(6), 89–92. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v2i6.109
Jones, C., Jones, D., & Moro, C. (2021). Use of virtual and augmented reality-based interventions in health education to improve dementia knowledge and attitudes: An integrative review. BMJ Open, 11(11), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053616
Joudyian, N., Doshmangir, L., Mahdavi, M., Tabrizi, J. S., & Gordeev, V. S. (2021). Public-private partnerships in primary health care: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05979-9
Judijanto, L., Islam, U., Ulum, D., Runtu, A. R., Tinggi, S., Kesehatan, I., Tomohon, B., Meydiansyah, M. H., & Barombong, P. P. (2024). Pentingnya Kepemimpinan Dalam Manajemen Pendidikan. 10, 212–222. https://doi.org/10.37567/jie.v10i2.3310
Jun, K., & Lee, J. (2023). Transformational Leadership and Followers’ Innovative Behavior: Roles of Commitment to Change and Organizational Support for Creativity. Behavioral Sciences, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13040320
Jung, J. (2022). Working to learn and learning to work: research on higher education and the world of work. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(1), 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.2002274
Kee, T., & Zhang, H. (2022). Digital Experiential Learning for Sustainable Horticulture and Landscape Management Education. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(15), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159116
Kenny, J. (2002). Managing innovation in educational institutions. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 18(3), 359–376. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1765
Kesar, S., Bhattacharya, S., & Banerjee, L. (2022). Contradictions and Crisis in the World of Work: Informality, Precarity and the Pandemic. Development and Change, 53(6), 1254–1282. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12733
Kho, F., Yuet, C., Mustapha, R., Gurr, D., Salleh, H., Beram, S., Noor, N., & Hasbullah, N. F. (2024). Forging Paths in Uncertainty : Embracing the Educational Administrators ’ Agile Trailblazing Leadership Paradigm. 13(4), 3461–3482. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i4/23179
Kim, T., & Weiner, J. (2022). Negotiating Incomplete Autonomy: Portraits from Three School Principals. Educational Administration Quarterly, 58(3), 487–521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X221080374
Knapp, A. A., Carroll, A. J., Mohanty, N., Fu, E., Powell, B. J., Hamilton, A., Burton, N. D., Coldren, E., Hossain, T., Limaye, D. P., Mendoza, D., Sethi, M., Padilla, R., Price, H. E., Villamar, J. A., Jordan, N., Langman, C. B., & Smith, J. D. (2022). A stakeholder-driven method for selecting implementation strategies: a case example of pediatric hypertension clinical practice guideline implementation. Implementation Science Communications, 3(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-022-00276-4
Knippenberg, D. van, & Stam, D. (2014). Visionary Leadership. In D. V. Day (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Leadership and Organizations (online edn, pp. 1–34). https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-5912
Koiwanit, J., & Filimonau, V. (2023). Stakeholder collaboration for solid waste management in a small tourism island. PLoS ONE, 18(7 JULY), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288839
Lee, Y. J., Davis, R., & Li, Y. (2022). Implementing Synchronous Online Flipped Learning for Pre-service Teachers During COVID-19. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(2), 653–661. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.653
Lestari, E., Scherpbier, A., & Stalmeijer, R. (2020). Stimulating students’ interprofessional teamwork skills through community-based education: A mixed methods evaluation. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 13, 1143–1155. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S267732
Lv, X. (2024). Research on the Exploration Path of Innovative Education Management in Higher Education. American Journal of Social Development and Entrepreneurship (AJSDE), 3(2).
Magi, C. E., Bambi, S., Iovino, P., El Aoufy, K., Amato, C., Balestri, C., Rasero, L., & Longobucco, Y. (2023). Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Training in Disaster Medicine Courses for Students in Nursing: A Scoping Review of Adoptable Tools. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070616
Malinen, O. P., Väisänen, P., & Savolainen, H. (2012). Teacher education in Finland: A review of a national effort for preparing teachers for the future. Curriculum Journal, 23(4), 567–584. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2012.731011
Mallek, F., Mazhar, T., Shah, S. F. A., Ghadi, Y. Y., & Hamam, H. (2024). A review on cultivating effective learning: synthesizing educational theories and virtual reality for enhanced educational experiences. PeerJ Computer Science, 10(2021), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.7717/PEERJ-CS.2000
Mardon, Y. (2024). Modernization of Higher Education System Management: Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities. International Journal of Advance Scientific Research, 4(4), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-04-11
Marsh, H. W., Craven, R. G., Craven, R. G., Marsh, H. W., & Wales, N. S. (2006). Self- Reciprocal Effects From Concept and Performance a Multidimensional Perspective of. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 133–163.
Martha, A. S. D., Junus, K., Santoso, H. B., & Suhartanto, H. (2021). Assessing undergraduate students’ e-learning competencies: A case study of higher education context in Indonesia. Education Sciences, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040189
Mascareño, J., Rietzschel, E., & Wisse, B. (2020). Envisioning innovation: Does visionary leadership engender team innovative performance through goal alignment? Creativity and Innovation Management, 29(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12341
McCauley-Smith, C., Williams, S. J., Gillon, A. C., & Braganza, A. (2015). Making sense of leadership development: developing a community of education leaders. Studies in Higher Education, 40(2), 311–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.842209
Mergen, M., Meyerheim, M., & Graf, N. (2023). Reviewing the current state of virtual reality integration in medical education – a scoping review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02266-6
Michel, A. (2016). Complex Education Systems: from steering change to governance. European Journal of Education, 51(4), 513–521. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12186
Mok, K. H., Xiong, W., & Bin Aedy Rahman, H. N. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic’s disruption on university teaching and learning and competence cultivation: Student evaluation of online learning experiences in Hong Kong. International Journal of Chinese Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/22125868211007011
Muench, R., Wieczorek, O., & Dressler, J. (2023). Equity lost: Sweden and Finland in the struggle for PISA scores. European Educational Research Journal, 22(3), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/14749041211069240
Mulcahy, D. (2011). Between work and learning: on pedagogic practice and interstitial space. Studies in Continuing Education, 33(3), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2011.611495
Mulder, R. H., Messmann, G., & König, C. (2015). Vocational Education and Training: Researching the Relationship between School and Work. European Journal of Education, 50(4), 497–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12147
Mulders, M. (2022). Vocational Training in Virtual Reality: A Case Study Using the 4C/ID Model. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/mti6070049
Mullen, C. A. (2021). Online doctoral mentoring in a pandemic: help or hindrance to academic progress on dissertations? International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 10(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMCE-06-2020-0029
Muniandy, A., & Musa, K. (2024). Concepts and practices of distributive leadership in malaysian schools. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELLING (IJEPC), 9(55), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.955015
Mutohar, P. M., & Masduki, M. (2022). Visionary Leadership Based on Brand Image in Improving the Competitiveness of Islamic Higher Education at UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatulullah Tulungagung Indonesia. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy, 6(12), 581–597. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2022.V06i12.004
Nadarajan, U., & Yunus, J. N. (2024). Kepimpinan Distributif: Isu Dan Cabaran Di Sekolah Sekolah Malaysia. International Journal Of Education, Psychology And Counselling (Ijepc), 9(55), 264–275. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.955017
Nanus, B. (1992). Visionary Leadership: Creating a Compelling Sense of Direction for Your Organization. In World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (Vol. 19). https://doi.org/10.20595/jjbf.19.0_3
Nebieridze, K. (2023). Innovative School Leadership Aspects. Journal of Legal Studies, 31(45), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.2478/jles-2023-0002
Niemi, H. (2021). Education reforms for equity and quality: An analysis from an educational ecosystem perspective with reference to Finnish educational transformations. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 11(2), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.1100
Nikula, T., Skinnari, K., & Mård-Miettinen, K. (2023). Diversity in CLIL as experienced by Finnish CLIL teachers and students: matters of equality and equity. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 26(9), 1066–1079. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2022.2028125
Pan, H., Wang, G., Gao, W., & Liu, X. (2025). Vocational Education , Skill Formation , and Social Development. 1–5.
Pandey, A., Dhand, S., Kaswan, M. S., Chhibber, P., Garza-Reyes, J. A., & Manzoor, M. (2024). Comprehending the role of soft skills in current work scenarios in the engineering domain. The TQM Journal, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-05-2024-0184
Pilz, M., & Regel, J. (2021). Vocational Education and Training in India: Prospects and Challenges from an Outside Perspective. Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 15(1), 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973801020976606
Plotzky, C., Loessl, B., Kuhnert, B., Friedrich, N., Kugler, C., König, P., & Kunze, C. (2023). My hands are running away – learning a complex nursing skill via virtual reality simulation: a randomised mixed methods study. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01384-9
Poláková, M., Suleimanová, J. H., Madzík, P., Copuš, L., Molnárová, I., & Polednová, J. (2023). Soft skills and their importance in the labour market under the conditions of Industry 5.0. Heliyon, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18670
Pozzer, M. R. O., & dos Reis Neuhold, R. (2025). Vocational education and training and regional development in Brazil. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 77(1), 207–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2025.2449657
Predescu, S. L., Caramihai, S. I., & Moisescu, M. A. (2023). Impact of VR Application in an Academic Context. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084748
Qadan, E., Jabarin, A., & Chaleila, W. A. (2023). Through the Lens of Discourse Analysis: Transformational Leadership as a Leverage Point for Promoting Educational Sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15053971
Rafiq, A. A., Triyono, M. B., & Djatmiko, I. W. (2022). View of Enhancing student engagement in vocational education by using virtual reality | Waikato Journal of Education. 27(3). https://wje.org.nz/index.php/WJE/article/view/964/770
Rodrigues, H. P. C., & de Lima, J. Á. (2024). Instructional leadership and student achievement: school leaders’ perspectives. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 27(2), 360–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1869312
Roelofsen, M., & Carter-White, R. (2022). Virtual reality as a spatial prompt in geography learning and teaching. Geographical Research, 60(4), 625–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12551
Saarinen, A. I. L., Lipsanen, J., Hintsanen, M., Huotilainen, M., & Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (2021). The use of digital technologies at school and cognitive learning outcomes: A population-based study in Finland. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 10(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.17583/IJEP.2021.4667
Sachar, S. (2025). Exploring Education Distributed Leadership Models in Education. RESEARCH INVENTION JOURNAL OF CURRENT ISSUES IN ARTS AND MANAGEMENT, 4(1), 23–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59298/RIJCIAM/2025/412326 Exploring
Sahlberg, P. (2007). Education policies for raising student learning: the Finnish approach. Journal of Education Policy, 22(2), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930601158919
Saleh, S. D., & Wang, C. K. (1993). The Management of Innovation: Strategy, Structure, and Organizational Climate. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 40(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/17.206645
Sathiyaseelan, A., Balasundaram, S., Zirkler, M., & Patangia, B. (2024). Innovative Leadership and Sustainable Development: Exploring Resource-Efficient Strategies Among Indian Managers. Business Strategy & Development, 7(4), e70049. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.70049
Serrat, O. (2017). Knowledge Solutions: Tools, Methods, and Approaches to Drive Organizational Performance. Knowledge Solutions: Tools, Methods, and Approaches to Drive Organizational Performance, 1–1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9
Silvio, J. (2012). a Distancia Como Innovación (Leadership in the Management of Quality of Distance Education As an Innovation). RIED: Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 7(1), 17–39.
Simons, M., & Harris, R. (2014). Educational leadership in Australian private VET organisations: How is it understood and enacted? Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 19(3), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2014.920562
Siswanto, & Radiana, U. (2024). Navigating Change in Global Education Systems with Innovative Leadership Approaches. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 15(1), 27–40. file:///C:/Users/Rizky Fauziah/Downloads/429-1114-1-SM.pdf
Sobaih, A. E. E., Gharbi, H., & Abu Elnasr, A. E. (2022). Do You Feel Safe Here? The Role of Psychological Safety in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Turnover Intention Amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15080340
Sousa, T. De, Borges, S., Cellin, J., Gois, A. M., & Filho, A. R. (2024). Innovation in educational management : Challenges and opportunities. In Innovation in educational management: Challenges and opportunities. (pp. 195–206). Seven Editora.
Spears, L. C. (2010). Character and Servant Leadership: Ten Characteristics of Effective, Caring Leaders. The Journal of Virtues & Leadership, 1(1), 25–30.
Starr, M. K. (1993). Educating Managers to Compete: The Role of Operations Management BT - Perspectives in Operations Management: Essays in Honor of Elwood S. Buffa (R. K. Sarin (ed.); pp. 445–458). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3166-1_23
Sundqvist, C., Björk-Åman, C., & Ström, K. (2019). The three-tiered support system and the special education teachers’ role in Swedish-speaking schools in Finland. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 34(5), 601–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2019.1572094
Sutiman, Sofyan, H., Soenarto, Mutohhari, F., & Nurtanto, M. (2022). Students’ Career Decision-Making During Online Learning: The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy in Vocational Education. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(1), 69–81. https://pdf.eu-jer.com/EU-JER_9_1_395.pdf
Tahir, R., & Abdullah, Z. (2024). Shaping Industry 4.0 Ready Talent: TVET Experts’ Strategies in Content Selection-NGT and ISM Approach. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 8(2), 896–914. https://doi.org/10.70082/esiculture.vi.744
Teng, S. S., Bakar, M. A., & Layne, H. (2020). Education reforms within neoliberal paradigms: A comparative look at the Singaporean and Finnish education systems. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 40(4), 458–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1838884
Terziev, V., & Lyubcheva, M. (2022). VOCATIONAL EDUCATION - PROFESSIONALISM , COMPLIANCE , CHALLENGES. VIII(24), 225–230.
Tirri, K., Eisenschmidt, E., Poom-Valickis, K., & Kuusisto, E. (2021). Current challenges in school leadership in Estonia and Finland: A multiple-case study among exemplary principals. Education Research International, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8855927
Treve, M. (2021). What COVID-19 has introduced into education: challenges Facing Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Higher Education Pedagogies, 6(1), 212–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2021.1951616
Ubani, M., Hyvärinen, E., Lemettinen, J., & Hirvonen, E. (2020). Dialogue, worldview inclusivity, and intra-religious diversity: Addressing diversity through religious education in the Finnish basic education curriculum. Religions, 11(11), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110581
Valiente, C., Swanson, J., DeLay, D., Fraser, A. M., & Parker, J. H. (2020). Emotion-related socialization in the classroom: Considering the roles of teachers, peers, and the classroom context. In Developmental Psychology (Vol. 56, Issue 3, pp. 578–594). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000863
van Dierendonck, D., Xiu, L., & Lv, F. (2023). Servant leadership measurement: a comparison of five instruments in China. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 44(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-03-2022-0153
Van Oord, L. (2013). Towards transformative leadership in education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 16(4), 419–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2013.776116
Villalba-Diez, J., & Ordieres-Meré, J. (2021). Human–machine integration in processes within industry 4.0 management. Sensors, 21(17), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175928
Wang, D. (2021). Soft skills in education: putting the evidence in perspective. British Journal of Educational Studies, 69(3), 387–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2021.1903191
Wang, Z. (2024). Innovation in Education Management from the Perspective of Sustainable Development. Industrial Engineering and Innovation Management, 7(2), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.23977/ieim.2024.070219
Wardoyo, S., Hidayat, J., Khoirunnisa, N., Saepullah, M. Z., Studi, P., Vokasional, P., Elektro, T., Sultan, U., Tirtayasa, A., & Serang, K. (2025). PENGARUH TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL TERHADAP. 13(1).
Wei, Z., & Yuan, M. (2023). Research on the Current Situation and Future Development Trend of Immersive Virtual Reality in the Field of Education. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097531
Xu, J., Jiang, T., Wei, M., & Qing, Z. (2024). The digital transformation of vocational education: Experience and reflections of Shenzhen Polytechnic University. Vocation, Technology & Education, 1(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54844/vte.2024.0522
Yalley, C. E. (2022). A tracer study on challenges affecting the use of ICT in pre-tertiary school administration in Ghana: Administrators’ perspective. Cogent Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2062893
Yoto, Mawangi, P. A. N., & Pramudhita, A. N. (2022). Improving vocational education quality through life-based learning. Improving Assessment and Evaluation Strategies on Online Learning, 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003261346-15
Yulita, I. N., Hariz, F. A., Suryana, I., & Prabuwono, A. S. (2023). Educational Innovation Faced with COVID-19: Deep Learning for Online Exam Cheating Detection. Education Sciences, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020194
Zhang, J., Huang, Q., & Xu, J. (2022). The Relationships among Transformational Leadership, Professional Learning Communities and Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in China: What Do the Principals Think? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042362
Zhu, W., Yang, H., Yang, B., & Sosik, J. J. (2024). Innovative leadership in organizations: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Journal of Business Research, 172, 114445. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114445
