KEANEKARAGAMAN SAYURAN DAUN DALAM KAJIAN SAINS DAN PRAKTIK MODERN
Kata Kunci:
Sayuran, SainsSinopsis
Sayuran daun, sebagai kelompok pangan kaya nutrisi, telah lama menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari pola makan manusia di berbagai penjuru dunia. Di Indonesia, keanekaragaman sayuran daun tidak hanya mencerminkan kekayaan alam tropis, tetapi juga warisan budaya yang terwujud dalam tradisi kuliner, pengobatan tradisional, dan praktik pertanian lokal. Sudut pandang sains, sayuran daun menjadi subjek penelitian yang menarik. Studi modern mengungkap kandungan senyawa bioaktif seperti antioksidan, vitamin, dan mineral, yang berperan penting dalam mencegah penyakit degeneratif dan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh. Kemajuan di bidang agronomi, bioteknologi, dan teknologi pangan juga membuka peluang untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, kualitas, dan daya simpan sayuran daun. Di sisi lain, tantangan seperti perubahan iklim, degradasi lahan, dan urbanisasi telah mengubah lanskap pertanian. Oleh karena itu, buku ini menyajikan strategi praktis, mulai dari teknik budi daya organik hingga pemanfaatan teknologi digital untuk manajemen pertanian yang lebih efisien.
Buku Keanekaragaman Sayuran Daun dalam Kajian Sains dan Praktik Modern hadir untuk mengeksplorasi dimensi ilmiah dan praktis sayuran daun, memadukan perspektif sains modern dengan kearifan lokal yang telah teruji waktu. Melalui pendekatan interdisipliner, buku ini bertujuan memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang potensi sayuran daun sebagai sumber pangan, obat-obatan, dan elemen kunci dalam sistem pertanian berkelanjutan. Buku ini dapat menjadi panduan bermanfaat bagi akademisi yang ingin mengeksplorasi aspek ilmiah sayuran daun, petani yang mencari solusi praktis, serta masyarakat umum yang ingin lebih mengenal kekayaan pangan lokal.
Pada akhirnya, buku ini mengajak kita semua untuk menjaga dan memanfaatkan keanekaragaman hayati sayuran daun demi kesejahteraan manusia dan kelestarian bumi. Semoga karya ini menginspirasi pembaca untuk lebih menghargai sayuran daun, tidak hanya sebagai bagian dari menu harian, tetapi juga sebagai warisan alam dan budaya yang patut dilestarikan.
Bab
-
KATA PENGANTAR
-
DAFTAR ISI
-
DAFTAR GAMBAR
-
DAFTAR TABEL
-
BAB 1 SIGNIFIKANSI SAYURAN DAUN
-
BAB 2 KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN TAKSONOMI TUMBUHAN 1
-
BAB 3 GENETIKA, PEMULIAAN, DAN BIOTEKNOLOGI
-
BAB 4 AGRONOMI DAN PRAKTIK BUDIDAYA
-
BAB 5 FISIOLOGI TUMBUHAN DAN RESPONS LINGKUNGAN
-
BAB 6 PENGELOLAAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT
-
BAB 7 SISTEM PRODUKSI MODERN DAN BERKELANJUTAN
-
BAB 8 KOMPONEN BIOKIMIA
-
BAB 9 SIGNIFIKANSI NUTRISI DAN MANFAAT KESEHATAN
-
BAB 10 ATRIBUT MUTU DAN EVALUASI INDERA
-
BAB 11 FISIOLOGI DAN PENANGANAN PASCAPANEN
-
BAB 12 TEKNOLOGI PENYIMPANAN DAN PERPANJANGAN UMUR SIMPAN
-
BAB 13 TENGOLAHAN MINIMAL DAN PRODUK POTONG SEGAR
-
BAB 14 TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN LANJUTAN
-
BAB 15 MASALAH DAN PENGELOLAAN KEAMANAN PANGAN
-
BAB 16 KETELUSURAN, MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK, DAN EKONOMI
-
BAB 17 TREN YANG MUNCUL DAN ARAH MASA DEPAN
-
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
-
GLOSARIUM
-
INDEKS
-
BIBLIOGRAFI PENULIS
Downloads
Referensi
Acar, B. (2020). Water - yield relationships of lettuce plants for different irrigation strategies.
Adams, D. C., Mitchell, C. C., & Martin, N. R. (2019). Organic matter and soil health in vegetable cropping systems. Agronomy Journal, 111(2), 823–832.
Adegbaju, O. D., Otunola, G., & Afolayan, A. (2019). Potential of Celosia species in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies and prevention of diet-related chronic diseases. AIMS Agriculture and Food.
Ahmed, H. A., Tong, Y., & Qi-chang, Y. (2020). Optimal control of environmental conditions affecting lettuce plant growth in a controlled environment with artificial lighting: A review. South African Journal of Botany, 130, 75–89.
Akob, F., Pillay, K., Wiles, N., & Siwela, M. (2024). Association between dietary diversity and nutritional status of adults and children in Cameroon. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development.
Alamsyah, A. Z., Maharai, N., Fulyani, F., & Anjani, G. (2024). Protein-fatty acid complexes as delivery agent for fat-soluble vitamin: a review. Food Research.
Amita, & Bahadur, V. (2020). Protected cultivation in India: Meeting challenges. International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology.
Amunga, D., Hess, S. Y., Grant, F. K. E., Kinabo, J., & Olney, D. K. (2024). Diets, fruit and vegetable intake and nutritional status in Tanzania. Maternal & Child Nutrition.
Anbarasan, S., & Ramesh, S. (2021). The role of plant roots in nutrient uptake and soil health. Plant Science Archives.
Ansari, M., Basri, R., & Shekhawat, S. (2019). Insect pests infestation during field and storage of fruits and vegetables. Health and Safety Aspects of Food Processing Technologies.
Antoine, T., Georgé, S., Leca, A., Desmarchelier, C., Halimi, C., Gervais, S., Aupy, F., Marconot, G., & Reboul, E. (2021). Reduction of pulse "antinutritional" content by optimizing pulse canning process is insufficient to improve fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability. Food Chemistry, 370, 131021.
Arce Cubas, L., Sales, C. R. G., Vath, R. L., Bernardo, E. L., Burnett, A. C., & Kromdijk, J. (2023). Lessons from relatives: C4 photosynthesis enhances CO2 assimilation during the low-light phase of fluctuations. Plant Physiology, 193, 1073–1090.
Ateş, A. (2020). Fungal diseases in some leafy vegetables growing areas in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research.
Azab, E. E., Adwas, A. A., Elsayed, A. S. I., & Quwaydir, F. A. (2019). Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body. Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering.
Barrera-Redondo, J., Kim, M. Y., Lee, Y. G., & Moon, J. K. (2023). Integrating biotic stress resistance in vegetable breeding through genomics-assisted approaches. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1129037.
Barrett, D., Beaulieu, J., & Shewfelt, R. (2010). Color, flavor, texture, and nutritional quality of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables: Desirable levels, instrumental and sensory measurement, and the effects of processing. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 50, 369–389.
Baye, K., Guyot, J., & Mouquet-Rivier, C. (2017). The unresolved role of dietary fibers on mineral absorption. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57, 949–957.
Bell, L., Oruna-Concha, M. J., & Wagstaff, C. (2021). Influence of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) accession and growing conditions on myrosinase activity, glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products. Food Chemistry, 359, 129871.
Bennett, B. C., & Balick, M. J. (2014). Does the name really matter? The importance of botanical nomenclature and plant taxonomy in biomedical research. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(3), 387–392.
Beraiya, S., Ishfaq, P. M., Ahmad, Z., Tripathi, S., & Mishra, S. K. (2019). Preventive roles of bioactive natural compounds in oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. r
Berry, J. O., & Patel, M. D. (2008). Kranz Anatomy and the C4 Pathway.
Bhuvaneswari, R., Saravanan, K. R., Vennila, S., & Suganthi, S. (2019). Soil-plant interactions: The chemistry of nutrient uptake and utilization. Plant Science Archives.
Bongoni, R. (2014). Consumers and vegetables: effects of domestic processing on sensory and health properties.
Borrelli, P., Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., Montanarella, L., & Jones, A. (2021). Soil erosion and compaction impacts on European crop production. Nature Sustainability, 4(7), 611–618.
Brandenberger, L., & Zhang, H. (2015). Soil Test Interpretations for Vegetable Crops.
Cahn, M., Johnson, L., & Benzen, S. (2022). Evapotranspiration based irrigation trials examine water requirement, nitrogen use, and yield of romaine lettuce in the Salinas Valley. Horticulturae.
Cannas, C., Lostia, G., Serra, P., Peana, A. T., & Migheli, R. (2024). Food and food waste antioxidants: Could they be a potent defence against Parkinson’s disease? Antioxidants, 13.
Cannas, C., Lostia, G., Serra, P., Peana, A. T., & Migheli, R. (2024). Food and food waste antioxidants: Could they be a potent defence against Parkinson’s disease? Antioxidants, 13.
Carrasco, G., Fuentes-Peñailillo, F., Perez, R., Rebolledo, P., & Manríquez, P. (2022). An approach to a vertical farming low-cost to reach sustainable vegetable crops. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Automation/XXV Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control (ICA-ACCA), 1–6.
Carrier Refrigeration. (2024). Healthy, Safe, Sustainable Cold Chain.
Carroll, J., & McEwen, B. J. (2019). The health benefits of glucosinolates, indole-3-carbinol and sulforaphane from broccoli: A brief report. Journal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society, 25, 142.
CBD Secretariat. (2021). Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing. Convention on Biological Diversity.
Chalhoub, B., Denoeud, F., Liu, S., Parkin, I. A., Tang, H., Wang, X., ... & Paterson, A. H. (2014). Early allopolyploid evolution in the post-Neolithic Brassica napus oilseed genome. Science, 345(6199), 950-953.
Chen, L., Lü, G., Yang, S., Gong, B., Lu, Y., Wu, X., Li, J. R., & Gao, H. (2024). Advances in the detection technology of vegetable soil borne fungi and bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15.
Chen, L., Zhang, X., & Yang, H. (2020). Adaptive variation in leaf cuticle thickness and its role in drought resistance. Plant Physiology Reports, 25(3), 217–224.
Chen, W., & Xu, D. (2023). Phytic acid and its interactions in food components, health benefits, and applications: A comprehensive review. Trends in Food Science & Technology.
Chen, Z., Jahan, M. S., Mao, P., Wang, M., Liu, X., & Guo, S.-R. (2021). Functional growth, photosynthesis and nutritional property analyses of lettuce grown under different temperature and light intensity. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 96(1), 53–61.
Chew, B., Lange, D., & Sutton, R. (2012). Oxalate and urolithiasis. In Urolithiasis: Basic Science and Clinical Practice (pp. 165–175).
Cline, S. A., & McKee, G. (2020). Raised-bed cultivation in vegetable production: Impacts on soil health and yield. HortTechnology, 30(4), 467–474.
Cole, T. C. H., Hilger, H. H., & Stevens, P. F. (2019). Angiosperm phylogeny poster – Flowering plant systematics.
Collard, B. C. Y., & Mackill, D. J. (2018). Marker-assisted selection: An approach for precision plant breeding in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1735), 20170377.
Congreves, K., Tanino, K., & Trueman, C. (2021). Advancements in Canadian horticulture. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 101, v–v.
Corbineau, F., Taskiran-Özbingöl, N., & El-Maarouf-Bouteau, H. (2023). Improvement of seed quality by priming: Concept and biological basis. Seeds.
Crossa, J., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., Cuevas, J., Montesinos-López, O., Jarquín, D., de Los Campos, G., ... & Singh, R. (2018). Genomic selection in plant breeding: Methods, models, and perspectives. Trends in Plant Science, 23(11), 967–985.
Dahiya, R., Prakash, R., Sheoran, H. S., & R. (2022). Drip irrigation as a potential alternative to traditional irrigation method for saline water usage in vegetable crops. International Journal of Economic Plants.
de Sadeleer, I., Hanssen, O. J., Kok, M., Soethoudt, H., Davis, J., & Nilsson, K. (2024). A methodological framework for assessing sustainability aspects of fruit and vegetables. Sustainable Futures.
Deekshith, S. S., Janavi, G., Rajangam, J., & Muthiah, C. (2023). Performance of fruiting vegetables and leafy vegetables in vertical farming.
Dempewolf, H., Baute, G., Anderson, J., Kilian, B., Smith, C., & Guarino, L. (2017). Past and future use of wild relatives in crop breeding. Crop Science, 57(3), 1070-1082.
Dempewolf, H., Eastwood, R. J., Guarino, L., Khoury, C. K., Müller, J. V., & Toll, J. (2022). Adapting agriculture to climate change: A global initiative to collect, conserve, and use crop wild relatives. Environmental Sustainability, 60(2), 142–151.
Desmarchelier, C., & Borel, P. (2018). Bioavailability of Vitamin E. In Nutrition and Functional Foods in Boosting Digestion, Metabolism and Immune Health (pp. 1181–1196).
Devi, N., Gupta, P., Sharma, K., Sharma, P., & Negi, B. (2018). Fertility Table Parameters of Predatory Bug Orius bifilarus Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Preying upon Thrips palmi and Eggs of Corcyra cephalonica. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7, 2574–2586.
Divekar, P. A., Halder, J., Srivastava, K., & Sridhar, V. (2024). Emerging insect pests of vegetable crops under changing climate scenario. Vegetable Science.
Drost, D., & Maughan, T. (2019). Vegetable Irrigation: Leafy Greens. Retrieved from
Dwivedi, S. L., Britt, A. B., Tripathi, L., Sharma, S., Upadhyaya, H. D., Ortiz, R., & Kumar, S. (2023). New breeding technologies for enhancing crop improvement. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 17(1), 13–29.
Dwivedi, S. L., Britt, A. B., Tripathi, L., Sharma, S., Upadhyaya, H. D., & Ortiz, R. (2020). Haploids: Constraints and opportunities in plant breeding. Biotechnology Advances, 40, 107500.
Dwivedi, S. L., Upadhyaya, H. D., Senthilvel, S., Hash, C. T., Fukunaga, K., Diao, X., ... & Ortiz, R. (2016). Millets: genetic and genomic resources. Plant Breeding Reviews, 39, 247-375.
Engels, J. M. M., & Thormann, I. (2020). Mainstreaming the use of genetic diversity in breeding strategies. Plant Genetic Resources, 18(1), 21–30.
Fang, X., Yang, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhou, Y., Liao, Y., Guan, Z., ... & Zhao, S. (2023). Optimum nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium fertilizer application increased chrysanthemum growth and quality by reinforcing the soil microbial community and nutrient cycling function. Plants
FAO. (2019). Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Rev. ed.). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Folta, K. M., & Kamenova, S. (2019). Public perceptions of genetically engineered food crops. Nature Biotechnology, 37(5), 479–482.
Fowler, C., & Hodgkin, T. (2018). Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: Assessing global availability. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 43, 179-204.
Franz, E., Tromp, S. O., Rijgersberg, H., & van der Fels-Klerx, H. J. (2010). Quantitative microbial risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in leafy green vegetables consumed at salad bars. Journal of Food Protection, 73(2), 274–285. González, A. M., Reyes, A., & Lim, Y. K. (2022). Stomatal regulation under varying environmental conditions: A functional perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 821456.
García-Herrera, P., Morales, P., Cámara, M., Fernández-Ruíz, V., Tardío, J., & Sánchez-Mata, M. (2020). Nutritional and phytochemical composition of Mediterranean wild vegetables after culinary treatment. Foods, 9(12).
Gezira United. (2023). Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges in the Fresh Produce Industry.
Ghorbani, R., Chaichi, M. R., & Feizi, H. (2022). Effect of soil pH and organic matter on the yield and nutritional quality of leafy greens. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 22(1), 79–90.
Giordano, M., Petropoulos, S., & Rouphael, Y. (2021). Response and defence mechanisms of vegetable crops against drought, heat and salinity stress. Agriculture, 11(5), 463.
Gunadi, N., Hardiyanto, & Hermanto, C. (2017). Development of protected cultivation for vegetables in Indonesia. Protected Cultivation of High-Value Crops under Changing Climate Conditions
Harisha, N., Tulsiram, J., Joshi, A. T., Chandargi, D. M., & Meti, S. K. (2019). Cost and returns of vegetable production under protected cultivation in Kolar District of Karnataka, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences.
Hayes, R., Trent, M. A., Mou, B., Simko, I., Gebben, S. J., & Bull, C. (2014). Baby leaf lettuce germplasm enhancement: Developing diverse populations with resistance to bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians. HortScience, 49(1), 18–24.
He, Z., Guo, J., Reitz, S., Lei, Z., & Wu, S.-Y. (2019). A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management. Insect Science, 27, 626–645.
Heffner, E. L., Lorenz, A. J., Jannink, J. L., & Sorrells, M. E. (2021). Genomic selection for crop improvement. Crop Science, 61(1), 1–18.
Holmer, R. (2013). Importance of vegetables for food and nutrition security in a rapidly urbanising world.
Home Gardener and the Commercial Hydroponic Grower. CRC Press
Huang, S., Jin, J., He, P., Yang, L., & Bai, Y. (2007). Spatial Variability and Site-Specific Nutrient Management in a Vegetable Production Area. Retrieved from
Indian Journal of Economics and Development. (2022). Comparative analysis of productivity and pesticide application in net house and open field vegetable cultivation.
International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). (2021). Postharvest technology for leafy vegetables. ISHS Articles
Isaac, A. A. (2023). The socio-economic determinants contributing to the resolution on commercialising vegetable production: The case of White River, South Africa. African Journal of Development Studies.
Ishii, T., & Araki, M. (2022). Consumer acceptance of genome-edited crops in countries with different regulatory frameworks. GM Crops & Food, 13(1), 39–50.
Jat, M. L., Saharawat, Y. S., & Gupta, R. (2021). Conservation agriculture for improving soil health in vegetable-based systems. Field Crops Research, 267, 108182.
Jeong, S. J., Zhang, Q., Niu, G., & Zhen, S. (2024). Synergistic enhancement of biomass allocation from leaves to stem by far-red light and warm temperature can lead to growth reductions. Environmental and Experimental Botany.
Jin, Q., Zhao, D., & Luo, Y. (2021). Leaf optical and structural traits influencing quality in leafy vegetables. Horticultural Plant Journal, 7(4), 215–223.
Jin, S., Hurley, T. M., & Pardey, P. G. (2023). Intellectual property rights and innovation in plant breeding: Evidence from U.S. agriculture. Food Policy, 117, 102450.
Johansson, S. (2010). The bioavailability of soluble oxalates in stir-fried silver beet leaves.
Premasiri, H. A. A., & Ekanayake, S. (2013). Oxalic acid content in green leafy vegetables. Vidyodaya Journal of Science, 16.
Joshi, B., Rai, P., & Pandey, V. (2021). Impact of various sources of seed priming on growth, yield and quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea). International Journal of Plant & Soil Science.
Julia, N., Zubaidah, S., & Kuswantoro, H. (2019). Morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves of ten soybean (Glycine max) lines. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 276, 012027.
Jurić, I., Hibberd, J., Blatt, M., & Burroughs, N. (2019). Computational modelling predicts substantial carbon assimilation gains for C3 plants with a single-celled C4 biochemical pump. PLoS Computational Biology, 15.
Kadereit, G., Borsch, T., Weising, K., & Freitag, H. (2003). Phylogeny of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae and the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164, 959–986.
Kala, A., & Prakash, J. (2004). Nutrient composition and sensory profile of differently cooked green leafy vegetables. International Journal of Food Properties, 7, 659–669.
Kaur, A., & Chandi, R. S. (2021). Biorational approaches for the management of insect pests of vegetable crops.
Keasar, T., Wajnberg, E., Heimpel, G., Hardy, I., Shaltiel Harpaz, L., Gottlieb, D., & van Nouhuys, S. (2023). Dynamic economic thresholds for insecticide applications against agricultural pests: Importance of pest and natural enemy migration. Journal of Economic Entomology.
Khoury, C. K., Amariles, D., Soto, J. S., Diaz, M. V., Sotelo, S., Sosa, C. C., ... & Jarvis, A. (2022). Comprehensiveness of conservation of useful wild plants: An operational indicator for biodiversity and sustainable development targets. Ecological Indicators, 132, 108271.
Kim, J.-K., Kang, H.-M., Jang, D., Na, J., & Choi, K. (2020). Effect of light intensity and temperature on the growth and functional compounds in the baby leaf vegetable plant Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 38(6), 822–829.
Kolaksazov, M., Laporte, F., Ananieva, K., Dobrev, P., Herzog, M., & Ananiev, E. D. (2013). Effect of chilling and freezing stresses on jasmonate content in Arabis alpina.
Kpadonou, G. E., Adjogboto, A., Likpete, D. D., Dassigli, Z. P., Akponikpè, P., & Djenontin, A. (2019). Improving traditional leafy vegetables production through water use efficiency and fertilizer microdosing technology in Benin Republic. Acta Horticulturae.
Kumar, D., Kumar, S., & Shekhar, C. (2020). Nutritional components in green leafy vegetables: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9, 2498–2502.
Kumar, S., Verma, S., & Singh, R. (2022). Biofortification in vegetables: A breeding perspective for enhancing micronutrient density. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 24(3), 185–192.
Kumar, V., Kumar, M., Shrivastava, N., Bisht, S., Sharma, S., & Varma, A. (2016). Interaction among rhizospheric microbes, soil, and plant roots: Influence on micronutrient uptake and bioavailability.
Kumari, K., Gusain, S., & Joshi, R. (2024). Engineering cold resilience: Implementing gene editing tools for plant cold stress tolerance. Planta, 261(1), 2.
Kumari, M., Solankey, S., & Sinha, N. (2022). Abiotic stress management in vegetable crops. IARS' International Research Journal.
Kuzma, J. (2023). Governance of gene editing in agriculture: Unpacking the EU’s proposed regulation of new genomic techniques. Nature Food, 4, 346–354.
Lang, C., Dettweiler, A., Benaouda, S., Kreimer, D., & Löffler, D. et al. (2025). Pentastiridius leporinus as a plant disease vector: The practical state of knowledge and derived research objectives. Sugar Industry International.
Lanier, A., Drabik, J. R., Heikkila, T., Bolson, J., Sukop, M., Watkins, D., et al. (2018). Facilitating integration in interdisciplinary research: Lessons from a South Florida Water, Sustainability, and Climate Project. Environmental Management, 62, 1025–1037.
Laszlo, J. A. (1989). Effect of gastrointestinal conditions on the mineral-binding properties of dietary fibers. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 249, 133–145.
Lee, J. H., Park, M., & Kim, Y. K. (2021). Structural anatomy of petioles in edible leafy vegetables: Implications for mechanical properties and texture. Journal of Food Structure, 29, 100212.
Lee, J. M., Rocheford, T., & Juvik, J. A. (2019). Breeding crops for enhanced nutritional quality. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 10, 311–338.
Li, Z., Cheng, H., & Liu, J. (2020). Applications of marker-assisted selection and genomic selection in vegetable breeding: Current status and future perspectives. Horticultural Research, 7, 179.
Liu, Y., He, C., Wang, J., & Yan, J. (2021). Genetic improvement of yield and stress tolerance in leafy vegetables: Progress and perspectives. Horticultural Plant Journal, 7(5), 333–345.
Liu, Y., Shi, Z., Zalucki, M., & Liu, S. (2014). Conservation biological control and IPM practices in Brassica vegetable crops in China. Biological Control, 68, 37–46.
Liu, Z., Zhang, X., Wang, J., & Xu, C. (2021). Soil texture and its impact on water availability for vegetables: A review. Agricultural Water Management, 243, 106456.
Loedolff, B., Stander, M., Peters, S., & Kossmann, J. (2018). Bio-fortification of Brassica micro-greens: towards development of a nutritionally enhanced micro-green melange for non-communicable disease prevention. FFC’s 22nd International Conference.
Louwaars, N. P., Visser, B., & Dons, H. (2021). Plant breeders' rights and patent rights in innovation and food security. Nature Plants, 7(3), 230–234.
Luz, G. M., Orlando, E. A., Rebellato, A., Greiner, R., & Pallone, J. (2024). Essential minerals and anti-nutritional compounds in plant-based burgers using the INFOGEST in vitro digestion protocol. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis.
Ma, D., Teng, W., Mo, Y.-T., Yi, B., Chen, W.-L., Pang, Y.-P., & Wang, L. (2023). Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization on plant growth and nutrient status in Erythropalum scandens. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 47, 82–96.
Makkouk, K. M., & Kumari, S. G. (2006). Molecular diagnosis of plant viruses. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 24, 135–138.
Makule, E., Dimoso, N., & Tassou, S. A. (2024). Production, postharvest practice, marketing and challenges of smallholder vegetable producers in Tanzania. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development.
Manan, A., Mugiastuti, E., & Soesanto, L. (2018). Kemampuan Campuran Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma sp. untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tanaman Tomat. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia.
Mangal, V., Lal, M., Tiwari, R., Altaf, M. A., Sood, S., Gahlaut, V., ... & Kumar, R. (2023). A comprehensive and conceptual overview of omics-based approaches for enhancing the resilience of vegetable crops against abiotic stresses. Planta, 257.
Mathivanan, S. (2021). Abiotic stress-induced molecular and physiological changes and adaptive mechanisms in plants. Abiotic Stress in Plants.
Maxted, N., Ford‐Lloyd, B. V., & Kell, S. P. (2023). Conserving crop wild relatives: The practicalities of in situ genetic conservation. Plant Genetic Resources, 21(1), 52–63.
Maxted, N., Ford-Lloyd, B. V., Kell, S. P., Iriondo, J. M., Dulloo, M. E., & Turok, J. (2016). Crop wild relatives: a manual of in situ conservation. Bioversity International.
McHale, L. K., Truco, M. J., Michelmore, R. W., & Simko, I. (2023). Breeding disease-resistant leafy vegetables using marker-assisted and genomic selection. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 61, 221–244.
Mishra, A., Buchanan, R., Schaffner, D., & Pradhan, A. (2016). Cost, quality, and safety: A nonlinear programming approach to optimize temperature during leafy greens supply chain. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 73, 412–418.
Mishra, A., Buchanan, R., Schaffner, D., & Pradhan, A. (2016). Cost, quality, and safety: A nonlinear programming approach to optimize the temperature during the supply chain of leafy greens. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 73, 412–418.
Mobeen, M., Wang, X., Saleem, M., et al. (2021). Proximate composition and nutritive value of some leafy vegetables from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sustainability.
Mohod, A. (2019). Integrated nutrient management in leafy vegetables.
Moreno, R. M., Valverde, J., & Pérez, J. L. (2023). Environmental regulation of leaf structure and its impact on postharvest quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 198, 112315.
Moyo, M., & Aremu, A. O. (2021). Nutritional, phytochemical and health-promoting qualities of Cleome gynandra. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62, 3535–3552.
Müller, K., & Borsch, T. (2005). Phylogenetics of Amaranthaceae based on matK/trnK sequence data: Evidence from parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 92, 66–102.
Musser, F., Nyrop, J., & Shelton, A. (2006). Integrating biological and chemical controls in decision making: European corn borer control in sweet corn as an example. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(5), 1538–1549.
Nadoda, N., Barot, D., Baria, V. K., & Chaudhari, V. M. (2024). Exploitation of grafting for abiotic and biotic stress management in vegetable crops: A review. Advances in Research.
Nasarullah, N. N., Ahmed, W., & Othman, H. (2022). Determining water stress and varying irrigation regimes on spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) growth performance. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Nasir, M. U., Hussain, S., & Rehman, S. (2020). Hybrid breeding and heterosis exploitation in Brassica vegetables: A review. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 92(1), 1–10.
Neha, P., Kumar, M., & Solankey, S. (2021). Impact of drought and salinity on vegetable crops and mitigation strategies.
Nguyen, D. T., Tran, P. N., & Le, Q. A. (2023). Functional significance of leaf venation in resource transport and texture quality in vegetables. Vegetable Science International, 11(2), 89–97.
Nguyen, D., Tran, D., Tran, T., Ohsawa, R., & Yoshioka, Y. (2019). Genetic diversity of leafy amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) resources in Vietnam. Breeding Science, 69, 640 - 650.
Nko, K. I., Mpolokeng, T. G., Mokgau, K., et al. (2024). Ethnobotanical and phytochemical qualities of local leafy vegetables. South African Journal of Botany.
Nouri, M., Alimohammadi, M., & Ahmad, M. (2020). Crop rotation benefits in leafy vegetable production: A systems approach. Ecological Indicators, 116, 106517.
Nwankwo, R. N., Buba, D., & Nwankwo, J. (2015). Nutrient and phytochemical determination of two under-utilized green leafy vegetables Cassia tora and Sesamum indicum. Global Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 3(2), 14–21.
Nzima, W. M., Ip, R. H. L., Bhatti, M., Godfrey, S., Eik, L., Gondwe, S., & Divon, S. A. (2024). Diversity and heterogeneity of smallholder vegetable farming systems and their impact on food security and income in Malawi. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.
Obrycki, J., Baker, T. J., & Zhu, J. J. (2001). Manipulation of predatory insects for enhanced biological control of insect pests. Sidauruk, L., Panjaitan, E., & Sipayung, P. (2023). The biology and preying abilities of ladybird beetle (Coccinella transversalis Fabricius) on Myzus persicae. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1241.
Okunlola, G. O., Olatunji, O. A., et al. (2023). Assessment of nutritional value of selected underutilized green leafy vegetables in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
Opara, E. (2019). Culinary herbs and spices: what can human studies tell us about their role in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases?. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 99 10, 4511-4517 .
Ors, S., Sahin, U., Ekinci, M., Turan, M., & Yıldırım, E. (2021). Principles of irrigation management for vegetables. Vegetable Growing.
PACER (Projet d’Appui à la Croissance Economique Rurale) (2009). Validation de la stratégie et d’élaboration de plan d’actions de la filière cultures maraîchères au benin, 72p
Padulosi, S., Thompson, J., & Rudebjer, P. (2013). Fighting poverty, hunger
Pandey, S., Gupta, A., Mahato, D., Paul, V., Tripathi, A., Rasane, P., Kumar, P., Kamle, M., & Haque, S. (2025). Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Source, extraction, stability, bioactivity, and functional food applications. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.
Panghal, V. P. S., Bhuker, A., Duhan, D., & Kumar, A. (2022). Maintaining onion seed quality during storage through seed priming. Agricultural Reviews.
Panwar, A., Thakur, A., Sharma, P., Negi, S., Nalwa, C., & Bisht, A. S. (2020). Influence of botanical seed pelleting on storability of onion (Allium cepa L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research.
Park, S., Szonyi, B., Gautam, R., Nightingale, K., Anciso, J., & Ivanek, R. (2012). Risk factors for microbial contamination in fruits and vegetables at the preharvest level: A systematic review. Journal of Food Protection, 75(11), 2055–2081.
Paudel, S., Sah, L., Devkota, M., Poudyal, V., Prasad, P., & Reyes, M. (2020). Conservation agriculture and integrated pest management practices improve yield and income while reducing labor, pests, diseases and chemical pesticide use in smallholder vegetable farms in Nepal. Sustainability.
Pierce, F. T., & Brecht, J. (2007). The importance of maintaining flavor quality of fresh vegetables. Unpublished Report.
Pingulkar, K., Kamat, A., & Bongirwar, D. (2001). Microbiological quality of fresh leafy vegetables, salad components and ready-to-eat salads: An evidence of inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in tomatoes. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 52, 15–23.
Pinto, V. F., & Patriarca, A. (2018). Chapter 2: Alternaria species and their associated mycotoxins.
Poffenbarger, H. J., Mirsky, S. B., Weil, R. R., & Spargo, J. T. (2022). Cover crop-based systems for sustainable vegetable production. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 37(1), 1–12.
Prajapati, N. K., Pasawan, S., Ram, M., & Kumar, S. (2024). Leafy chenopods: a nutritional powerhouse. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology.
Premasiri, H. A. A., & Ekanayake, S. (2011). Oxalic acid content in green leafy vegetables. Vidyodaya Journal of Science, 16, 1–9.
Púčiková, V., Rohn, S., & Hanschen, F. S. (2023). Glucosinolate accumulation and hydrolysis in leafy Brassica vegetables are influenced by leaf age. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Palma-Salgado, S., Ku, K., Dong, M., et al. (2020). Epicuticular wax composition affects bacterial adhesion and removal in leafy greens. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 334, 108834.
Puma, J. (2020). Culinary Medicine and Nature: Foods That Work Together. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 14, 143 - 146.
Raggi, L., Tiranti, B., & Negri, V. (2021). The role of traditional crop varieties in climate change adaptation. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 41, 73.
Rahman, M. M., Hossain, M. I., & Uddin, S. (2018). Anatomical adaptation and water retention in succulent vegetables: A case study on Portulaca oleracea. Journal of Plant Research, 131(6), 921–928.
Ramos-Madrigal, J., Orlando, L., & Willerslev, E. (2022). The intersection of biotechnology, patent law, and genome editing in plant sciences. Trends in Biotechnology, 40(12), 1284–1294.
Reis, L., Oliveira, V., Hagen, M. K., Jablonski, A., Flôres, S. H., & Rios, A. (2015). Carotenoids, flavonoids, chlorophylls, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fresh and cooked broccoli and cauliflower. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 63, 177–183.
Resh, H. M. (2012). Hydroponic Food Production: A Definitive Guidebook for the Advanced
Ritonga, F. N., Zhou, D., Zhang, Y., Song, R., Li, C., Li, J., & Gao, J. (2023). The roles of gibberellins in regulating leaf development. Plants.
Rout, B. M. (2020). Advances in freezing stress resistance in vegetable crops.
Saba, A., Moneta, E., Peparaio, M., Sinesio, F., Vassallo, M., & Paoletti, F. (2018). Towards a multi-dimensional concept of vegetable freshness from the consumer’s perspective. Food Quality and Preference.
Sabah, S. H., Karim, T. H., & Tahir, H. (2023). Interactive effect of deficit irrigation and water quality on yield and water use efficiency of red cabbage under drip irrigation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Salas-Millán, J.-Á., & Aguayo, E. (2024). Bioaccessibility and unravelling of polyphenols, sulforaphane, and indoles biotransformation after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of a novel lactofermented broccoli beverage. Food & Function. Link
Sanlier, N., Yildiz, E., & Ozler, E. (2024). An overview on the effects of some carotenoids on health: Lutein and zeaxanthin. Current Nutrition Reports.
Sardare, M. D., & Admane, S. V. (2013). A Review on Plant Without Soil - Hydroponics. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2(3), 299-304.
Sattelmacher, B. (2001). The apoplast and its significance for plant mineral nutrition. The New Phytologist, 149(2), 167–192.
Schmidt, S. M., Belisle, M., & Frommer, W. B. (2020). The evolving landscape of plant biotechnology: Genome editing and regulatory perspectives. Plant Cell, 32(4), 886–903.
Senyolo, G., Wale, E., & Ortmann, G. (2018). The determinants of farmers’ decision to produce African leafy vegetables in the Limpopo province, South Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 10(7), 771–778.
Shahid, M., Zaidi, A., Khan, M. S., Rizvi, A., Saif, S., & Ahmed, B. (2017). Recent advances in management strategies of vegetable diseases.
Sharma, P., & Gothalwal, R. (2020). Changes in perceptions derived from research on Trichoderma species.
Sharma, S., Patel, M., & Joshi, A. (2023). Role of compost and manure in improving soil fertility for vegetable crops. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 29(3), 312–325.
Shenhar, I., Harikumar, A., Trujillo, M. R. P., Zhao, Z., Lin, Q., Setyawati, M. I., ... & Moshelion, M. (2024). Nitrogen ionome dynamics on leafy vegetables in tropical climate.
Shrestha, S., Dhungana, M., Sahani, S., & Bhattarai, B. (2021). Seed quality improvement to approach sustainable yield of field crops by various preparation techniques: Seed priming, treatment and inoculation. Plant Physiology and Soil Chemistry.
Shukla, A., Yadav, D., Mishra, U. K., Dipake, S., & Mishra, R. (2023). Revolutionizing plant virus detection: A review on molecular breakthroughs and their implications. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science.
Shukla, R. M., Nazir, N. B., Pandey, Y., & Dadhich, S. M. (2024). Influence of protected cultivation structures on vegetable crops. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International.
Silva, R. F., Martins, C. R., & Duarte, A. L. (2024). Light-driven plasticity in leaf anatomy and function: Implications for controlled-environment agriculture. Agronomy, 14(1), 144.
Singh, B., & Tomar, B. (2015). Vegetable seed production under protected and open field conditions in India: A review. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences.
Singh, G. (1999). Plant systematics: An integrated approach.
Singh, R. K., & Maurya, B. R. (2023). Conventional plant breeding: Methodologies and their role in developing improved crop varieties. Agricultural Reviews, 44(1), 72–80.
Sinha, D., Sharma, D., & Singh, A. K. (2020). Breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in vegetables: Challenges and prospects. Vegetable Science, 47(2), 125–132.
Smith, T. J., Hess, S. Y., Angeles-Agdeppa, I., Goyena, E. A., Gelli, A., & Olney, D. K. (2024). Diets, fruit and vegetable intake, and nutritional status in the Philippines: A scoping review. Maternal & Child Nutrition.
Solanki, R., Nandre, B., Vadodaria, J., Pawar, Y., & Bhadauria, H. (2018). Performance of different leafy vegetables with respect to open field and net house on growth, yield and quality. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6, 2055–2058.
Spherical Insights. (2023). Leafy Greens Market Size, Share & Trends – Global Forecast 2023–2033.
Srivastava, P. K., & Sit, N. (2024). A review on fruit and vegetable processing using traditional and novel methods. Future Postharvest and Food.
Stanikowski, P., Michalak-Majewska, M., Jabłońska-Ryś, E., Gustaw, W., & Gruszecki, R. (2021). Influence of sous-vide thermal treatment, boiling, and steaming on the colour, texture and content of bioactive compounds in root vegetables. Ukrainian Food Journal
Takahashi, D., Uemura, M., & Kawamura, Y. (2018). Freezing tolerance of plant cells: From the aspect of plasma membrane and microdomain. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1081, 61–79
Tan, W., Li, N., & Huang, J. (2025). Anatomical basis of leaf texture: A review of lignification and cell wall modification in postharvest vegetables. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 134, 51–61.
Tanor, E. B., Ntlatlapa, T., & Magama, S. (2020). Assessment of the nutritional value of selected wild leafy vegetables.
Taskin, E., Misci, C., Bandini, F., Fiorini, A., Pacini, N., Obiero, C., Sila, D., Tabaglio, V., & Puglisi, E. (2021). Smallholder farmers’ practices and African indigenous vegetables affect soil microbial biodiversity and enzyme activities in Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya. Biology, 10.
Thakur, O. (2022). Recent advances of plant growth regulators in vegetable production: A review.
Tian, S., Brecht, J., Rathinasabapathi, B., & Zhao, X. (2023). Influence of soil and nutrient management practices on crop productivity and quality in high tunnel organic leafy green production. HortScience.
Tripathi, A., Maurya, S., Pandey, K. K., & Behera, T. K. (2024). Global scenario of vegetable fungal diseases. Vegetable Science.
Trivedi, S., Srivastava, M., Ratan, V., Mishra, A., Dixit, S., Pandey, S., & Harshita. (2020). Evaluation of microbial consortia on systemic resistance against chickpea wilt. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 49, 653–661. • Azizi, M. M. F., Mardhiah, N. H., & Lau, H. Y. (2022). Current and emerging molecular technologies for the diagnosis of plant diseases – An overview. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences.
Tromp, S. O., Rijgersberg, H., & Franz, E. (2010). Quantitative microbial risk assessment for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes in leafy greens: a modeling approach. Journal of Food Protection, 73(10), 1830–1840.
Truschi, S., Marini, L., Cacciari, I., et al. (2024). Relationship between Salmonella enterica attachment and leaf surface features in baby-leaf salads. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.
Turan, M., Yıldırım, E., Kitir, N., Unek, C., Nikerel, E., Ozdemir, B., Gûnes, A., & Mokhtari, N. E. P. (2017). Beneficial role of plant growth-promoting bacteria in vegetable production under abiotic stress. Teo, V., Dhandapani, S., Ang Jie, R., Philip, V. S., Teo Ju Teng, M., Zhang, S., ... & Dinish, U. S. (2024). Early detection of N, P, K deficiency in Choy Sum using hyperspectral imaging-based spatial spectral feature mining. Frontiers in Photonics.
Umeohia, U., & Olapade, A. (2024). Physiological processes affecting postharvest quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Asian Food Science Journal.
UPOV. (2019). Explanatory Notes on the Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Requirements under the UPOV Convention. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants.
Upreti, K. K., & Sharma, M. (2021). Role of plant growth regulators in abiotic stress tolerance. Environmental Stress Physiology of Plants and Crop Productivity.
Vakblad Voedingsindustrie. (2018). World Vegetable Map – More Than Just a Local Affair. Retrieved from
Van Treuren, R., & van Hintum, T. J. L. (2021). Next-generation genebanking: Plant genetic resources management and utilization in the sequencing era. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 15, 515–528.
Vanlauwe, B., Coyne, D., & Six, J. (2019). Integrated soil fertility management: Operational definition and consequences for implementation and dissemination. Outlook on Agriculture, 48(1), 9–17.
Varshney, R. K., Roorkiwal, M., & Sorrells, M. E. (2021). Genomic-assisted breeding for crop improvement: Status and opportunities in the genomics era. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 72, 629–660.
Vegdahl, A., Baldwin, W., & Schaffner, D. (2023). Growth models for Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes in leafy greens transportation. Food Microbiology, 115, 104338.
Verma, S., Upadhyay, A., Kumari, M., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Sunny, & Tandle, S. S. (2024). Role of plant growth regulators in improving vegetable crop productivity: A review. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports.
Vuković, S., Šunjka, D., Žunić, A., & Bošković, D. (2020). Plant protection products in root vegetable.
Wang, R., Liao, X., Yu, W., Li, S., Zhan, Z., & Liang, J. (2017). Updating the main vegetable fertilization index system for southern China. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 40, 2571–2586.
Wang, S., Liu, H., & Li, Z. (2019). Functional roles of palisade and spongy mesophyll layers in photosynthesis and gas diffusion. Plant Cell Reports, 38(2), 213–222.
Wang, X., Lin, T., & Zhu, Z. (2021). Recent advances in marker-assisted backcrossing and its applications in leafy vegetable breeding. Frontiers in Genetics, 12, 734981.
Wang, Y. (2024). Improving photosynthetic efficiency in fluctuating light to enhance yield of C3 and C4 crops. Crop and Environment.
Wang, Y., Li, X., & Zhang, B. (2021). Postharvest biology and shelf-life improvement in leafy vegetables. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 14, 902–914.
Wei, Z. (2016). Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) : from phylogeny to molecular breeding
Wei, Z., Chen, F., Ding, H., Liu, W., Yang, B., Geng, J., Chen, S., & Guo, S. (2023). Comparative analysis of six chloroplast genomes in Chenopodium and its related genera (Amaranthaceae). Genes, 14(12).
Wu, X., Huang, H., Childs, H., Wu, Y., Yu, L., & Pehrsson, P. (2021). Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetables: Characterization and Factors That Influence Distribution, Content, and Intake. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology.
Xu, H., Guo, Y., Xia, M., Yu, J., Chi, X., Han, Y., Li, X., & Zhang, F. (2024). An updated phylogeny and adaptive evolution within Amaranthaceae s.l. inferred from multiple phylogenomic datasets. Ecology and Evolution, 14, e70013. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70013
Yadav, R., Tomar, B. S., Pachauri, N., & Jain, V. (2018). Studies of nutritional properties and antioxidant potential in green leafy vegetables.
Yadav, S., & Mishra, A. (2020). Ectopic expression of C4 photosynthetic pathway genes improves carbon assimilation and alleviates stress tolerance for future climate change. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 26, 195–209.
Yadav, S., & Singh, P. (2024). Utilization of underutilized green leafy vegetables in the development of value-added products. International Journal of Nutrition and Lifestyle.
Zelazny, E., & Vert, G. (2014). Update on nutrient transporters: Root transporters on the move.
Zhang, F., & Chen, X. (2020). Innovative management programme reduces environmental impacts in Chinese vegetable production. Nature Food, 2, 47 - 53.
Zhang, H., Lang, Z., & Zhu, J. K. (2020). Conventional breeding: Still a critical method for improving crops. Nature Plants, 6, 571–572.
Zhang, Y., Huang, W., Zhang, C., et al. (2023). Variation in health-promoting compounds in leafy vegetables. Molecules, 28.
Zhang, Y., Qi, Y., & Liang, Y. (2022). Genomic prediction models and their applications in vegetable crop improvement: A review. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 3833–3850.
Zhang, Y.-P., & Zhang, Y.-S. (2006). Effects of nitrogen forms on nitrate and oxalate accumulation in edible parts of spinach. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizing Science.
Zhou, L., Ullah, F., Zou, J., & Zeng, X. (2025). Molecular and physiological responses of plants that enhance cold tolerance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
Zhu, B., Liang, Z., Zang, Y., Zhu, Z., & Yang, J. (2022). Diversity of glucosinolates among common Brassicaceae vegetables in China. Horticultural Plant Journal.
Zhu, H., & Kim, J. (2012). Target-oriented dissemination of Beauveria bassiana conidia by the predators, Harmonia axyridis and Chrysoperla carnea, for biocontrol of Myzus persicae. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 22, 393–406.
Zhu, X., & Marcelis, L. F. M. (2023). Vertical farming for crop production. Modern Agriculture.
Zoué, L., Oulai, P., Zoro, A., & Niamké, S. (2018). Tropical leafy vegetables as valuable sources of carotenoids and phenolics. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review. Link
