DARI FREKUENSI KE ALGORITMA: Manajemen dan Monetisasi Broadcasting Non-Linear
Kata Kunci:
frekuensi ke algoritmaSinopsis
Selamat datang di babak baru penyiaran!
Industri media tengah menjalani transformasi yang mendalam. Dulu, penyiaran bergantung pada frekuensi—gelombang radio dan televisi analog dengan jadwal tetap dan jangkauan terbatas. Kini, kita berada di era algoritma, di mana streaming, podcast, media sosial, dan berbagai platform digital telah menjadi saluran utama distribusi konten. Perubahan ini bukan semata pergeseran teknologi, tetapi perubahan cara berpikir, berproduksi, dan berinteraksi dengan audiens.
Konten kini dapat diakses kapan saja, di mana saja, dan bahkan disesuaikan dengan preferensi individu secara real-time. Ini membuka peluang luar biasa, tetapi juga menghadirkan tantangan yang tidak ringan bagi para pelaku industri media.
Bagi lembaga penyiaran, kreator konten, regulator, akademisi, hingga mahasiswa yang belajar tentang media, pemahaman akan dinamika baru ini sangat penting. Tidak hanya untuk beradaptasi, tetapi juga untuk tetap relevan dan mampu memberikan nilai. Strategi manajemen, pemanfaatan data, serta model monetisasi konten non-linear perlu dipahami secara menyeluruh agar industri dapat terus berkembang di tengah perubahan yang cepat dan kompetisi yang ketat.
Buku ini tidak dimaksudkan sebagai jawaban final atas semua tantangan, melainkan sebagai pengantar untuk memperluas wawasan dan membuka ruang diskusi. Di dalamnya, pembaca diajak menelusuri perubahan, mempelajari strategi, dan menimbang potensi masa depan penyiaran di era digital. Untuk membantu navigasi, buku ini dibagi ke dalam enam bagian besar yang memuat lima belas bab, masing-masing membahas aspek penting dari evolusi hingga masa depan penyiaran.
Perjalanan dari frekuensi ke algoritma adalah bukti bahwa penyiaran merupakan ekosistem yang dinamis dan penuh daya hidup. Tantangan memang nyata—dari kompetisi global hingga regulasi yang terus berubah—namun di baliknya terdapat ruang besar untuk berinovasi dan bertumbuh.
Akhirnya, terlepas dari perubahan teknologi, platform, dan model bisnis, esensi penyiaran tetap utuh: menghubungkan manusia lewat cerita, suara, dan makna. Selama nilai itu dijaga, penyiaran akan terus menemukan jalannya di setiap era.
Bab
-
KATA PENGANTAR
-
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
-
DAFTAR ISI
-
BAB 1 EVOLUSI AWAL BROADCASTING DI INDONESIA
-
BAB 2 ANATOMI STASIUN RADIO & TV TRADISIONAL
-
BAB 3 MUNCULNYA INTERNET DAN PERGESERAN KONSUMEN
-
BAB 4 BROADCASTING GOES ONLINE: ADAPTASI AWAL
-
BAB 5 PERGESERAN DARI LINEAR KE NON-LINEAR: KEBANGKITAN LAYANAN STREAMING VIDEO (OTT)
-
BAB 6 REVOLUSI PODCAST — AUDIO ON-DEMAND, VIDEO PODCAST, DAN KOMUNITAS DIGITAL
-
BAB 7 ALGORITMA, DATA, DAN PERSONALISASI KONTEN
-
BAB 8 STRATEGI AKUISISI DAN PRODUKSI KONTEN NON-LINEAR
-
BAB 9 MANAJEMEN ALUR KERJA (WORKFLOW) PRODUKSI KONTEN DIGITAL
-
BAB 10 DISTRIBUSI DAN PROMOSI KONTEN NON-LINEAR
-
BAB 11 MODEL MONETISASI KONTEN NON-LINEAR
-
BAB 12 STRATEGI PENDAPATAN IKLAN DIGITAL UNTUK BROADCASTING
-
BAB 13 PENGUKURAN KINERJA DAN OPTIMASI MONETISASI
-
BAB 14 ISU HUKUM, ETIKA, DAN KEPERCAYAAN DI ERA NON-LINEAR
-
BAB 15 INOVASI, TREN, DAN PROFESIONAL BROADCASTING MASA DEPAN
-
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
-
BIODATA PENULIS
Downloads
Referensi
Adobe. Adobe Sensei: AI and machine learning for creative workflows [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.adobe.com/sensei.html
Albarran AB. Media Economics: Understanding Markets, Industries and Concepts. 2nd ed. Ames: Iowa State Press; 2002.
Alten S. Audio in Media. 11th ed. Wadsworth Publishing; 2017.
Amazon Web Services. Netflix Uses NICE DCV on AWS to Build VFX Studio in the Cloud for Artists Globally [Internet]. AWS Solutions Case Studies; 2021 [cited 2025 Jul 12]. Available from: https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/netflix-nicedcv/
Anderson C. The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More. Hyperion; 2006.
Baran SJ, Davis DK. Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment, and Future. 6th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2011.
Barnes B, Sperling NP. Warner Bros. to Release All 2021 Films on HBO Max and in Theaters. The New York Times [Internet]. 2020 Dec 3 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/03/business/media/warner-bros-hbo-max-movies.html
Berry R. Podcasting: The Audio Media Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan; 2019.
Breslin C, Campbell R. Digital Asset Management: Content Architectures, Project Management, and Strategies for Managing Digital Assets. Elsevier Science; 2008.
Burgess J, Green J. YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2009.
Castells M. The Rise of the Network Society. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2000.
Chadwick A. The Hybrid Media System: Politics and Power. Oxford University Press; 2017.
Chaffey D, Smith PR. Digital Marketing Excellence: Planning, Optimizing and Integrating Online Marketing. 5th ed. Routledge; 2017.
Chen H, Chiang RH, Storey VC. Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact. MIS Quarterly. 2012;36(4):1165–88.
Cunningham S, Turner G. The Media and Communications in Australia. 5th ed. Allen & Unwin; 2017.
Davenport TH, Beck JC. The Attention Economy: Understanding the New Currency of Business. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press; 2001.
Deb J, Oery A, Williams KR. Aiming for the Goal: Contribution Dynamics of Crowdfunding. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 25881. 2019, revised 2024.
Detik.com. [Situs web Detik.com, untuk mengamati implementasi iklan programmatic] [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.detik.com/
Disney+ Hotstar. KKN di Desa Penari [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.hotstar.com/id/movies/kkn-di-desa-penari/1260098495
Doyle G. Understanding Media Economics. London: SAGE; 2013.
Eastman ST, Ferguson DA. Media Programming: Strategies and Practices. 9th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2009.
Edison Research. Podcast Consumer Tracker 2023 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.edisonresearch.com/podcast-consumer-tracker-2023/
Edison Research. The Infinite Dial 2024 [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.edisonresearch.com/infinite-dial-2024/
Electronic Frontier Foundation. Digital Rights Management (DRM) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.eff.org/issues/drm
Enge EM, Spencer S, Stricchiola RJ. The Art of SEO: Mastering Search Engine Optimization. 3rd ed. O'Reilly Media; 2015.
Epic Games. Travis Scott’s Astronomical in Fortnite - Recap [Internet]. 2020 Apr 24 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.epicgames.com/fortnite/news/travis-scotts-astronomical-in-fortnite-recap
Ethereum. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://ethereum.org/en/nft/
European Data Protection Board. Enforcement tracker [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/gdpr-hub/enforcement-tracker_en
European Union. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://gdpr-info.eu/
Fewer A. Digital Rights Management: A Practical Guide. Wiley; 2020.
Flint J, Barnes B. Netflix to Spend $17 Billion on Content This Year. The Wall Street Journal [Internet]. 2021 Apr 20 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.wsj.com/articles/netflix-to-spend-17-billion-on-content-this-year-11618956960
Freberg K, Graham K, McGaughey K, Freberg L. Social Media for Strategic Communication: Creative Strategies and Research-Based Applications. SAGE Publications; 2020.
Google Ad Manager Help. About inventory targeting [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://support.google.com/admanager/answer/188094?hl=id
Google Ad Manager Help. Troubleshoot low fill rate [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://support.google.com/admanager/answer/6027000?hl=id
Google Ad Manager. Drive more revenue with unified ad management [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://admanager.google.com/home/
Google AdSense Help. Understanding ad terms and definitions [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://support.google.com/adsense/answer/190515?hl=id
Google AdSense. What is AdSense? [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.google.com/adsense/start/
Google Support. YouTube ad formats [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2467968?hl=id
Google Support. YouTube Help. Gunakan tag dengan benar [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 12]. Available from: https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/146402?hl=id
Gougeon-Richard B. TikTok's algorithm: Understanding the For You Page. Journal of Creative Industries. 2021;14(2):203–18.
Grant AE, Meadows FJ. Communication Technology Update and Fundamentals. 16th ed. Routledge; 2018.
Grant AE, Meadows J. Communication Technology Update and Fundamentals. 18th ed. Routledge; 2022.
Gray J, Lotz AD. Television in the Age of Streaming: Transmedia Storytelling and the Reshaping of the Industry. Bloomsbury Academic; 2021.
Grimmelmann J. The Internet's Fourth Wave: Content and Cooperation. Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law. 2005;4(1):21-50.
Gupta S, Mela CF, Wittink DR. The Effect of Customer Satisfaction on Churning: A Dynamic Model. Manag Sci. 2004;50(5):668-79.
Handayani L. Transformasi Lanskap Televisi Swasta di Indonesia. Mediator: Jurnal Komunikasi. 2015;8(2):112–29.
Harvard Business School Online. LTV/CAC Ratio: What It Is & How To Calculate It. HBS Online [Internet]. 2025 Mar 6 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/ltv-cac
Herman ES, Chomsky N. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books; 1988.
Hernandez F. The Art of Podcasting. Routledge; 2020.
Holman T. Sound for Digital Video. 2nd ed. Focal Press; 2010.
Holt JL, Perren A. Media Industries: History, Theory, and Method. Blackwell Publishing; 2009.
Hulu. Hulu: Plans and Pricing [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.hulu.com/welcome/price-plans
IAB Europe. Transparency & Consent Framework [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://iabeurope.eu/tcf/
IAB Tech Lab. What is Programmatic? [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://iabtechlab.com/what-is-programmatic/
IBM. IBM Watson Media [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.ibm.com/cloud/watson-media
Interactive Advertising Bureau. IAB Native Advertising Playbook [Internet]. 2013 Dec [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/IAB_Native_Advertising_Playbook_December2013.pdf
Jarboe S, Solis B. The Definitive Guide to YouTube Marketing. Pearson Education; 2014.
Jenkins H. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: NYU Press; 2006.
Jenner M. Binge Watching: The Cultural Phenomenon. Bloomsbury Academic; 2018.
Kaplan AM, Haenlein M. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Bus Horiz. 2010;53(1):59-68.
Kardes FR, Cronley ML, Cline TW. Consumer Behavior. Cengage Learning; 2020.
Katz E, Blumler JG, Gurevitch M. Uses of Mass Communication by the Individual. In: Davison WP, Yu LC, editors. Mass Communication Research: Major Issues and Future Directions. Praeger; 1974.
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. [Website resmi Kominfo, berbagai regulasi terkait PSE dan konten digital] [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.kominfo.go.id/
Kern S, Lemons T, Monahan J. The Craft of the Screenwriter. 2nd ed. Routledge; 2017.
Kitley P. Television, Nation, and Culture in Indonesia. Athens: Ohio University Press; 2000.
Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia. Laporan Riset Industri Penyiaran dan OTT Indonesia. KPI; 2023.
Kostov N. Motion Graphics: Design for Digital Video. AVA Publishing; 2010.
Kovach B, Rosenstiel T. The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. 4th ed. Crown; 2021.
Lee G. The Battle for Friends: Why Streaming Rights Keep Moving. Variety [Internet]. 2019 Jul 9 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/friends-streaming-rights-netflix-hbo-max-1203264426/
Lee YS. The Global Rise of Asian Dramas: Cultural Flows and Digital Platforms. Routledge; 2022.
Lessig L. Code: Version 2.0. Basic Books; 2006.
Lister M, Dovey J, Giddings S, Grant I, Kelly K. New Media: A Critical Introduction. 3rd ed. Routledge; 2009.
Llinares D, Fox NJ, Berry R. Podcasting: New Aural Cultures and Digital Media. Palgrave Macmillan; 2018.
Lobato R, Meese J, editors. Geoblocking and Global Video Culture. Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures; 2016.
Lobato R, Meese J, Thomas J. Video-on-demand and the transformation of television. Television & New Media. 2021;22(4):289–307.
Lotz AD. Portals: A Treatise on Internet Distributed Television. University of Michigan Press; 2017.
Maas J. Warner Bros. Discovery Unveils New Max Streaming Service. Variety [Internet]. 2023 Apr 12 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://variety.com/2023/biz/news/max-streaming-service-hbo-max-discovery-plus-1235581566/
McClung S, Johnson K. Examining the motives of podcast users. Journal of Radio & Audio Media. 2010;17(1):82–95.
McQuail D. McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 6th ed. London: SAGE; 2010.
Metaverse Standards Forum. What is the Metaverse? [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://metaverse-standards.org/what-is-the-metaverse/
Motion Picture Association. Anti-Piracy [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.motionpictures.org/what-we-do/anti-piracy/
MrBeast. How I Make My Videos (Behind The Scenes). YouTube [Internet]. 2022 Dec 27 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYv_zW8P6wQ
Murch W. In the Blink of an Eye: A Perspective on Film Editing. 2nd ed. Silman-James Press; 2001.
Napoli PM. Audience Evolution: New Technologies and the Transformation of Media Audiences. New York: Oxford University Press; 2011.
Narasi TV. [Website resmi Narasi TV, konten menunjukkan branded content dan kemitraan] [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.narasi.tv/
Netflix TechBlog. What is an A/B Test? [Internet]. 2021 Sep 22 [dikutip 2025 Jun 11]. Tersedia dari: https://netflixtechblog.com/what-is-an-a-b-test-b08cc1b57962
Netflix. Film Indonesia Original Netflix [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.netflix.com/id/browse/genre/107775
Netflix. How Netflix uses data to improve the viewer experience [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://netflixtechblog.com/how-netflix-uses-data-to-improve-the-viewer-experience-e1d939a66d0b
Netflix. Netflix Culture: Seeking Excellence [Internet]. ca. 2017 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://jobs.netflix.com/culture
Newman N, Fletcher R, Eddy K, Scherer P, Nielsen RK. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024 [Internet]. Oxford (UK): Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism; 2024 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2024
Nielsen Indonesia. Understanding TV Ratings and Audience Measurement. Jakarta: Nielsen; 2022.
Nielsen. Audio Today 2023 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.nielsen.com/insights/2023/audio-today-the-podcast-landscape-2023/
NPR. The State of Podcast Sponsorship [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.npr.org/about-npr/184166663/the-state-of-podcast-sponsorship
Nugroho Y, Putri DA, Laksmi S. Mapping the Landscape of the Media Industry in Contemporary Indonesia. Jakarta: CIPG; 2012.
O’Neil C. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Crown; 2016.
Ohanian TV. Digital Filmmaking: The Ultimate Guide to Production and Postproduction. Focal Press; 2011.
Palmer A. Amazon to buy MGM, studio behind James Bond, for $8.45 billion. CNBC [Internet]. 2021 May 26 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/26/amazon-to-buy-mgm-studio-behind-james-bond-for-8point45-billion.html
Pariser E. The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. New York: Penguin Press; 2011.
Pathan AM, Buyya R. A Taxonomy and Survey of Content Delivery Networks. Technical Report, University of Melbourne; 2007.
Patreon. About [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.patreon.com/about
Picard RG. The Economics and Financing of Media Companies. 2nd ed. New York: Fordham University Press; 2011.
Potter DW. The BBC and Public Service Broadcasting. Manchester University Press; 2015.
Poynter Institute. How news organizations are using AI to make journalism better [Internet]. 2019 Jun 18 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.poynter.org/tech-tools/2019/how-news-organizations-are-using-ai-to-make-journalism-better/
Prensky M. Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. On the Horizon. 2001;9(5):1–6.
Pulizzi J. Content Inc.: How Entrepreneurs Use Content to Build Massive Audiences and Create Radically Successful Businesses. McGraw-Hill Education; 2016.
Rettberg JW. Blogging. Cambridge: Polity Press; 2008.
Rogers EM. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. Free Press; 2003.
Rosenblatt B. Digital Rights Management: Business and Technology. Wiley; 2002.
Rubin D, Newton J. Podcasting: A Strategic Guide for Researchers. SAGE Publications; 2021.
Ryan J, Jones C. Behind the Scenes: The Secrets to Building a Successful Film and TV Career. Routledge; 2020.
S. S. A. Ginting, & R. C. Wardana. (2023). Daur Ulang Konten Menyelamatkan Bisnis Televisi (Studi Kasus Program 'Like It' NET.). Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Media Sosial (PIKMA), 263-274. Diakses 5 Juni 2025, dari https://jurnal.amikom.ac.id/index.php/pikma/article/download/874/369/5237
Schatzberg D. The Business of Disney+. Journal of Management Strategy. 2020;1(1):1–10.
Screen Rant. VOD vs. SVOD vs. AVOD vs. TVOD: Understanding the Streaming Landscape [Internet]. 2023 Feb 15 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://screenrant.com/vod-svod-avod-tvod-streaming-explained/
Sen K, Hill D. Media, Culture and Politics in Indonesia. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.
Shariat F, Al-Samarraie H. Artificial intelligence in media: A systematic review of literature. Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. 2020;14(2):1-20.
Shoemaker PJ, Reese SD. Mediating the Message in the 21st Century: A Media Sociology Perspective. New York: Routledge; 2013.
Skok D. LTV:CAC - An Important (But Often Misunderstood) SaaS Metric. For Entrepreneurs [Internet]. 2014 Jul 30 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.forentrepreneurs.com/ltv-cac-an-important-but-often-misunderstood-saas-metric/
Skok D. Startup Killer: the Cost of Customer Acquisition. For Entrepreneurs [Internet]. 2013 Jan 7 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.forentrepreneurs.com/startup-killer/
Spangler T. ‘Lord of the Rings’ Series Ranks as Amazon’s Most Expensive Show Ever. Variety [Internet]. 2022 Feb 18 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/lord-of-the-rings-most-expensive-amazon-prime-video-1235185012/
Spangler T. Disney Plus Hits 100 Million Subscribers, Accelerates Growth Goals. Variety [Internet]. 2021 Mar 9 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/disney-plus-100-million-subscribers-1234925769/
Spangler T. Hulu Gains Subscribers and Revenue, But Still Losing Money as Parent Disney Focuses on Streaming. Variety [Internet]. 2022 Nov 8 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/hulu-subscribers-revenue-disney-earnings-1235427181/
Spotify Engineering. Discover Weekly: How We Built It [Internet]. Spotify; 2015 Jul 20 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://engineering.spotify.com/2015/07/20/discover-weekly-how-we-built-it/
State of California Department of Justice. California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa
Sullivan J. Podcast Movement and Marginalized Voices. In: Llinares D, Fox NJ, Berry R, editors. Podcasting: New Aural Cultures and Digital Media. Palgrave Macmillan; 2018.
Swart A, Van den Bulck H. Data-Driven Decision-Making in the Media Industry: A Case Study of Netflix's Content Strategy. Media Cult Soc. 2021;43(5):940-58.
Tableau. What is data analytics? [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.tableau.com/learn/articles/what-is-data-analytics
The Associated Press. Associated Press to automate company earnings reports [Internet]. 2015 Jan 28 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.ap.org/press-releases/2015/associated-press-to-automate-company-earnings-reports/
The New York Times. The Daily [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/column/the-daily
The Verge. Travis Scott’s Fortnite concert was a hit. Now everyone wants to copy it [Internet]. 2020 May 14 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/14/21258674/travis-scott-fortnite-concert-virtual-music-future
Thorne K. The Mandalorian: A Cultural Phenomenon. In: The Art of Star Wars: The Mandalorian. New York: Abrams Books; 2020.
TikTok. How TikTok's Recommendation System Works [Internet]. TikTok Newsroom; 2022 Dec 19 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/how-tiktok-recommendation-system-works
TorrentFreak. Game of Thrones Breaks Piracy Records Again [Internet]. 2019 May 20 [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://torrentfreak.com/game-of-thrones-breaks-piracy-records-again-190520/
United States Copyright Office. Digital Millennium Copyright Act [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.copyright.gov/legislation/dmca.pdf
Unity Technologies. Virtual Production [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://unity.com/solutions/virtual-production
Van Dijck J, Poell T, de Waal M. The Platform Society: Public Values in a Connected World. New York: Oxford University Press; 2018.
Vice Indonesia. [Website resmi Vice Indonesia, konten menunjukkan branded content dan kemitraan] [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.vice.com/id/
Vidio. [Website resmi Vidio, menampilkan konten eksklusif dan paket langganan] [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.vidio.com/
Vidio. About Us [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 10]. Available from: https://www.vidio.com/about
V-Squared Creative. AR Graphics for Live Broadcast [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 11]. Available from: https://v2creative.com/ar-graphics-for-live-broadcast/
Webster JG. The Marketplace of Attention: How Audiences Take Shape in a Digital Age. MIT Press; 2014.
Weinberg T. The New Community Rules: Marketing on the Social Web. O'Reilly Media; 2009.
Wu T. Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination. Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law. 2004;2(1):141-79.
Zettl, H. (2016). Video Basics 7. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Zuboff S. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. PublicAffairs; 2019.
