DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN TEORI KOMUNIKASI: Evolusi, Konvergensi, Teknologi dan Dekolonisasi

Prahastiwi Utari

Authors

Prahastiwi Utari

Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Keywords:

TEORI KOMUNIKASI

Synopsis

Dalam lima dekade terakhir, teori komunikasi telah mengalami perkembangan yang sangat dinamis. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, perubahan sosial, dan kebutuhan akan pendekatan lintas disiplin. Teori-teori komunikasi terus mengalami perluasan, revisi, bahkan kritik mendasar terhadap asumsi-asumsi awalnya. Meskipun demikian, dominasi paradigma Barat dalam teori komunikasi masih sangat kuat, terutama dalam literatur akademik yang digunakan di berbagai perguruan tinggi, termasuk di Indonesia.

Teori-teori komunikasi yang diajarkan di ruang akademis sebagian besar berasal dari tradisi Barat yang, meskipun kaya dan mendalam, sering kali tidak mampu menjelaskan atau bahkan mengakomodasi kekayaan dan keunikan budaya Indonesia. Fenomena sosial, interaksi antar warga, dan praktik komunikasi dalam masyarakat kita lebih sering dibingkai dengan konsep-konsep yang berasal dari konteks yang sangat berbeda, baik dalam hal nilai, norma, maupun sejarah. Dominasi teori Barat juga berkontribusi pada ketimpangan epistemik dalam dunia akademik.

Dalam konteks inilah kebutuhan untuk membangun teori komunikasi dari Indonesia menjadi sangat penting. Upaya ini bukan sekadar keinginan untuk tampil berbeda, melainkan kebutuhan ilmiah dan kultural. Teori yang kuat seharusnya lahir dari pengalaman yang konkret dan refleksi kritis terhadapnya. Maka, praktik komunikasi yang hidup dalam masyarakat Indonesia harus ditempatkan sebagai sumber pengetahuan, bukan hanya sebagai objek studi.

Buku ini hadir sebagai pemikiran reflektif dan akademik yang dihasilkan dalam berbagai kesempatan, baik melalui penelitian, terutama penelitian Fundamental, publikasi jurnal dalam dan luar negeri, forum akademik, maupun hasil pembelajaran dari pengajaran teori komunikasi selama lebih dari tiga dekade. Saya berupaya menyusun dan menyunting tulisan-tulisan tersebut agar terintegrasi dalam satu alur yang dapat membantu mahasiswa dan akademisi memahami perkembangan teori komunikasi secara utuh, kritis, dan kontekstual.

Chapters

KATA PENGANTAR
DAFTAR ISI
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
BAB 2 EVOLUSI TEORI KOMUNIKASI
BAB 3 DINAMIKA LEGITIMASI TEORI KOMUNIKASI
BAB 4 KONVERGENSI: MEDIA DIGITAL DAN TANTANGAN TEORI KOMUNIKASI
BAB 5 KECERDASAN BUATAN DALAM TEORI KOMUNIKASI
BAB 6 PERGESERAN METODOLOGI DALAM RISET KOMUNIKASI
BAB 7 DEKOLONISASI EPISTEMIK: TEORI KOMUNIKASI PERSPEKTIF INDONESIA
BAB 8 PENUTUP: MENJAWAB PERUBAHAN DAN MENATA ULANG ILMU
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN SATU PANDUAN PENGGUNAAN BUKU (TEACHING GUIDE)
LAMPIRAN 2 TEACHING MATRIX
PROFIL PENULIS

Author Biography

Prahastiwi Utari, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Prof. Dra. Prahastiwi Utari, M.Si., Ph.D. adalah Guru Besar Bidang Teori Komunikasi pada Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta. Penulis memperoleh gelar doktor dari Newcastle University Australia dengan konsentrasi kajian komunikasi yang berakar pada konteks sosial dan budaya. Konsistensi penulis dalam melaksanakan Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi tercermin melalui kegiatan pendidikan, penelitian, serta pengabdian kepada masyarakat.

Dalam perjalanan akademiknya, penulis menempatkan Teori Komunikasi sebagai pisau analisis penting untuk memahami dinamika perubahan sosial yang sangat cepat. Penulis memberi perhatian besar pada pengembangan Teori Komunikasi perspektif Indonesia dengan keyakinan bahwa kekayaan budaya, khususnya warisan budaya takbenda, merupakan sumber penting dalam membangun teori komunikasi yang membumi. Dengan demikian, teori komunikasi tidak hanya berakar pada tradisi Barat, tetapi juga merefleksikan nilai, praktik, dan kearifan lokal Indonesia.

Penulis aktif mengajar pada jenjang sarjana, magister, dan doktoral, serta membimbing berbagai penelitian mahasiswa. Selain itu, penulis produktif menulis buku, artikel ilmiah di jurnal nasional maupun internasional, dan terlibat dalam forum akademik. Melalui karya dan dedikasinya, penulis berkomitmen untuk memperkuat identitas keilmuan komunikasi Indonesia sekaligus memberi kontribusi nyata bagi masyarakat dalam membangun harmoni, perdamaian, dan transformasi sosial.

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Bender, E. M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., & Shmitchell, S. (2021). On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT), 610–623. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922

Guzman, A. L., & Lewis, S. C. (2020). Artificial intelligence and communication: A human–machine communication research agenda. New Media & Society, 22(1), 70–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819858691

Marwick, A. E. (2014). The public domain: Social surveillance in everyday life. Surveillance & Society, 9(4), 378–393.

Russo, F. (2024). Connecting ethics and epistemology of AI: An epistemology-cum-ethics approach. AI & Society, 39(2), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01617-6

Sahebi, S., et al. (2025). The AI-mediated communication dilemma: Trust, epistemic injustice, and online interaction. Synthese, 203, 1123–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-025-04963-2

BAB 6. PERGESERAN METODOLOGI DALAM RISET KOMUNIKASI

Coeckelbergh, M. (2025). AI and epistemic agency: How AI influences belief and knowledge. Inquiry, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2025.2466164

Comunicación y Sociedad. (2025). Communicative Artificial Intelligence as a new domain of research in media and communication: Epistemological and theoretical reading. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384684621

Craig, R. T. (1999). Communication theory as a field. Communication Theory, 9(2), 119–161.

Hayles, N. K. (1999). How we became posthuman: Virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics. University of Chicago Press.

Guzman, A. L., & Lewis, S. C. (2020). Artificial intelligence and communication: A human–machine communication research agenda. New Media & Society, 22(1), 70–86.

Ihde, D. (2012). Experimental phenomenology: Multistabilities. SUNY Press.

Kapusta, J. (2025). Symbiotic epistemology & SynLang: Towards a framework for AI epistemic agency. arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.21067.

Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford University Press.

Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2021). Theories of human communication (12th ed.). Waveland Press.

Punziano, G. (2025). Adaptive epistemology: Embracing generative AI in post-digital social research. Societies, 15(7), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15070205

Russo, F. (2024). Connecting ethics and epistemology of AI: An epistemology-cum-ethics approach. AI & Society, 39(2), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01617-6

Sahebi, S., et al. (2025). The AI-mediated communication dilemma: Trust, epistemic injustice, and online interaction. Synthese, 203, 1123–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-025-04963-2

BAB 7. DEKOLONISASI EPISTEMIK: TEORI KOMUNIKASI PERSPEKTIF INDONESIA

Dissanayake, Wimal. (2003). Asian Approach to Human Communication : Retrospect and Prospect, Intercultural Communication Studies, XII-4.

Ishii, Sathosi. (2009). Conceptualising Asian Communication Ethics: a Buddist Perspective, Journal of Multicultural Discourses, Vol 4 No.1 March 2009.

Kuswanto, Engkus. (2010). Menguak Tabir Ilmu Komunikasi dari Perspektif Timur, dalam Seminar Nasional “Membedah Ilmu Komunikasi dari Persepktif Ke- Timur-an, Bengkulu, Aspikom.

Littlejohn, Stephen W. (1996). Theories of Human Communication, Thomson- Wadsworth, Belmont, USA.

Littlejohn, Stephen W & Foss, Karen. (2008). Theories of Human Communication, Thomson-Wadsworth, Belmont, USA.

Littlejohn, Stephen W & Foss, Karen. (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory, Sage Publication, Thousand Oak, California.

Mani Adhikary, Nirmala. (2009). An Introduction to Sadharanikaran Model of Communication, Bodhi, 3 (1).

Miike, Yoshitaka (2002), Theorizing Culture and Communication in The Asian Context: An Assumptive Foundation, Intercultures Communication Studies XI-1.

Miike, Yoshitaka. (2003). Japanese Enryo-Sasshi Communication and the Psychology of Amae: Reconsideration and Reconceptulization, Keio Communication Review, 25.

Miike, Yoshitaka. (2003). Toward an Alternative Metatheory of Human Communication: An Asiscentric Vision, Intercultural Communication Studies, XII-4.

Rahardjo, Turnomo. (2009). Cetak Biru Teori Komunikasi dan Studi Komunikasi di Indonesia, makalah dalam Simposium Nasional: Arah Depan Pengembangan Ilmu Komunikasi di Indonesia, Jakarta.

________________ (2012). Genealogi dan Taksonomi Ilmu Komunikasi, paper di presentasikan dalam Lokakarya Nasional Perumusan Kurikulum Inti Pendidikan Tinggi Komunikasi, Kerjasama Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi UNS - ASPIKOM, Solo.

Reddi, Usha Vyasulu. (1985). Communication Theory: Indian Perspective, in AMIC – Thammasat University Symposium on Mass Communication Theory: the Asian Perspective, Bangkok.

Utari, Prahastiwi. (2012). Make A Dream Comes True: Membumikan Teori Komunikasi Indonesia, paper di presentasikan dalam Konferensi Nasional Komunikasi Indonesia “Meningkatkan Daya Saing Penelitian Komunikasi Indonesia di Kancah Global, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta

Wang, Georgette & Kuo, Eddie C.Y, (2010). The Asian Communication Debate: Culture Spesific Cultural Generality and Beyond, Asian Journal of Communication Vol 20, no:2, June 2010.

West, Richard & Turner, Lynn H. (2007). Introducing Communication Theory Analysis and Application, Mc Graw Hill, New York.

Chang, H-C. (2001). Harmony as performance: The Turbulence under Chinese Interpersonal Communication.

Chen, G.M. (2001). Toward transcultural understanding: a harmony theory of Chinese Communication, in V.H. Milhaouse, M.K. Asante, & R.Ma (ed), Transcultural realities: Interdisciplinary persepctive on cross cultural relations, Thousand Oak, California.

Chu, GodwinC. (1985). In Search of Asian Perspective of Communication Theory, in AMIC Thammasat University Symposium on Mass Communication Theory: the Asian Perspective, Bangkok.

Chu, Leonard L. (1985). Mass Communication Theory : the Chinese Perspective, in AMIC–Thammasat University Symposium on Mass Communication Theory: the Asian Perspective, Bangkok.

Craig, Robert T & Muller, Heidi L. (2007). Theorizing Communication Readings Across Traditions, Sage Publications, Los Ang

Dissanayake, Wimal. (2003). Asian Approach to Human Communication: Retrospect and Prospect, Intercultural Communication Studies, XII- 4.

Ishii, Sathosi. (2009). Conceptualising Asian Communication Ethics: a Buddist Perspective, Journal of Multicultural Discourses, Vol 4 No.1 March 2009.

Kuswanto, Engkus. (2010). Menguak Tabir Ilmu Komunikasi dari Perspektif Timur, dalam Seminar Nasional “Membedah Ilmu Komunikasi dari Persepktif Ke- Timur-an, Bengkulu, Aspikom.

Littlejohn, Stephen W. (1996). Theories of Human Communication, Thomson-Wadsworth, Belmont, USA.

Littlejohn, Stephen W & Foss, Karen. (2008). Theories of Human Communication, Thomson-Wadsworth, Belmont, USA.

Littlejohn, Stephen W & Foss, Karen. (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory, Sage Publication, Thousand Oak, California.

Mani Adhikary, Nirmala. (2009). An Introduction to Sadharanikaran Model of Communication, Bodhi, 3 (1).

Miike, Yoshitaka (2002), Theorizing Culture and Communication in The Asian Context: An Assumptive Foundation, Intercultures Communication Studies XI-1.

Miike, Yoshitaka. (2003). Japanese Enryo-Sasshi Communication and the Psychology of Amae: Reconsideration and Reconceptulization, Keio Communication Review, 25.

Miike, Yoshitaka. (2003). Toward an Alternative Metatheory of Human Communication: An Asiscentric Vision, Intercultural Communication Studies, XII-4.

Rahardjo, Turnomo. (2009). Cetak Biru Teori Komunikasi dan Studi Komunikasi di Indonesia, makalah dalam Simposium Nasional: Arah Depan Pengembangan Ilmu Komunikasi di Indonesia, Jakarta.

________________ (2012). Genealogi dan Taksonomi Ilmu Komunikasi, paper di presentasikan dalam Lokakarya Nasional Perumusan Kurikulum Inti Pendidikan Tinggi Komunikasi, Kerjasama Prodi lmu Komunikasi UNS - ASPIKOM, Solo.

Reddi, Usha Vyasulu. (1985). Communication Theory: Indian Perspective, in AMIC, Thammasat University Symposium on Mass Communication Theory: the Asian Perspective, Bangkok.

Utari, Prahastiwi. (2012), Makes a Dream Comes True: Membumikan Teori Komunikasi Indonesia, paper di presentasikan dalam Konferensi Nasional Komunikasi Indonesia “Meningkatkan Daya Saing Penelitian Komunikasi Indonesia di Kancah Global, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta

Wang, Georgette & Kuo, Eddie C.Y, (2010). The Asian Communication Debate: Culture Spesific Cultural Generality and Beyond, Asian Journal of Communication Vol 20, no:2, June 2010.

West, Richard & Turner, Lynn H. (2007). Introducing Communication Theory Analysis and Application, Mc Graw Hill, New York.

Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (2012). Theory from the South: Or, how Euro-America is evolving toward Africa. Paradigm Publishers.

Smith, L. T. (1999/2021). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. Zed Books.

Chen, K.-H. (2010). Asia as Method: Toward Deimperialization. Duke University Press.

Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press.

Cheney, G., et al. (2011). Organizational Communication in an Age of Globalization: Issues, Reflections, Practices. Waveland Press.

Gergen, K. J. (2021). Relational Being: Beyond Self and Community. Oxford University Press.

Santos, B. de S. (2016). Epistemologies of the South: Justice Against Epistemicide. Routledge.

Kemendikbudristek. (2024). Data Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia. Direktorat Perlindungan Kebudayaan.

DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN TEORI KOMUNIKASI: Evolusi, Konvergensi, Teknologi dan Dekolonisasi

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