PEMULIHAN LAHAN GAMBUT: Pendekatan Fisika, Kimia, dan Kelistrikan Bumi

Abrams, J. F., Hohn, S., Rixen, T., Baum, A., & Merico, A. (2016). The impact of Indonesian peatland degradation on downstream marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. Global Change Biology, 22(1), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13108

Adam, S. S., Rindarjono, M. G., & Karyanto, P. (2019). Sistem Informasi Geografi untuk Zonasi Kerentanan Kebakaran Lahan dan Hutan di Kecamatan Malifut, Halmahera Utara. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Ilmu Komputer, 6(5), 559. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik. 2019651674

Adinugroho, W. C., Syryadiputra, I. N. N., Suharjo, B. H., & Siboro, L. (2005). Panduan Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Gambut (B. H. Saharjo (ed.)). Proyek Climate Change, Forests and Peatlands in Indonesia.Wetlands International – Indonesia Programme dan Wildlife HabitatCanada. https://www.academia. edu/1860810/Panduan_Pengendalian_Kebakaran_Hutan_dan_Lahan_Gambut

Adji, F. F., Damanik, Z., Yulianti, N., Birawa, C., Handayani, F., Sinaga, A. N., Teguh, R., & Dohong, S. (2015). Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Emisi Karbon Gambut Transisi di Desa Kanamit Barat Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Pedon Tropika, 3(1), 79–88.

Agus, Fahmuddin, Hairiah, K., & Mulyani, A. (2011). Pengukuran cadangan karbon tanah gambut. World Agroforestry Centre dan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.

Agus, Fahmuddin, Yustika, R. D., & Haryati, U. (2006). Penetapan Berat Volume Tanah. In U. Kurnia, F. Agus, A. Adimihardja, & A. Dariah (Eds.), Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Metode Analisanya (pp. 25–34). Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Departemen Pertanian. http://balittanah.litbang. pertanian.go.id/ind/dokumentasi/buku/buku sifat fisik tanah/03penetapan_berat_vol_tanah.pdf

Agus, Fahruddin, & Subiksa, I. G. M. (2008). Lahan Gambut : Potensi untuk Pertanian dan Aspek Lingkungan. In Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). https://doi.org/10.1016/j. foreco.2014.08.031

Agus, Faruddin, & Subiksa, I. G. M. (2008). Lahan Gambut : Potensi untuk Pertanian dan Aspek Lingkungan. In Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). https://doi.org/10.1016/j. foreco.2014.08.031

Ahmad-Shah, A., Radzi-Abbas, M., & Mohd-Jamil, A. S. (1992). Characteristics of tropical peat under a secondary forest and an oil palm plantation in Selangor, Malaysia. Proocedings of The9th International Peat Congress, 256–269.

Alcañiz, M., Outeiro, L., Francos, M., & Úbeda, X. (2018). Effects of prescribed fires on soil properties: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 613–614, 944–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2017.09.144

Anshari, G. Z., Afifudin, M., Nuriman, M., Gusmayanti, E., Arianie, L., Susana, R., Nusantara, R. W., Sugardjito, J., & Rafiastanto, A. (2010). Drainage and land use impacts on changes in selected peat properties and peat degradation in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biogeosciences, 7(11), 3403–3419. https://doi.org/10. 5194/ bg-7-3403-2010

Anwar, S., Wahyono, S. C., & Fahruddin. (2020). Identifikasi Lapisan Akuifer Tertekan dengan Metode Geolistrik di Desa Lok Rawa, Kecamatan Mandastana, Kabupaten Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Teori Dan Aplikasi Fisika, 8(2), 151–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960%2Fjtaf.v8i2.2447

Arisanty, D., Anis, M. Z. A., Putro, H. P. N., Muhaimin, M., & Syarifuddin. (2020). Kebakaran Lahan Gambut Faktor Penyebab dan Mitigasinya. http://eprints.ulm.ac.id/9594/1/2. Kebakaran Lahan Gambut-Faktor Penyebab dan Mitigasinya.pdf

ASTM D 1997. (2020). Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of the Fiber Content of Peat and Organic Soils by Dry Mass. Astm.Org. https://www.astm.org/Standards/ D1997.htm

ASTM D 2974. (2020). Standard Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture) Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and Other Organic Soils. Astm.Org. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2974-20E01

ASTM D 2976. (2015). Standard Test Method for pH of Peat Materials. ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2976-15

Aswandi, A., Sadono, R., Supriyo, H., & Hartono, H. (2017). Carbon Loss from Drainaged and Degradation of Tropical Peatland in Trumon and Singkil, Aceh. Jurnal Manusia Dan Lingkungan, 23(3), 334. https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18807

Azizi, M., Sandhyavitri, A., & Yusa, M. (2020). Analisis Kadar Air Perlapisan Tanah di Lahan Gambut Untuk Menentukan Fire Danger Rating System (FDR ). Jom FTEKNIK, VII(1), 1–8.

BB Litbang SDLP. (2013). Laporan Tahunan BBSDLP 2013, Inovasi Sumberdaya Lahan untuk Pertanian Berkelanjutan.

Bechtel, T. D., & Goldscheider, N. (2017). Geoelectrical Fingerprinting of Two Contrasting Ecohydrological Peatland Types in the Alps. Wetlands, 37(5), 875–884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-017-0921-5

Bertermann, D., & Schwarz, H. (2018). Bulk density and water content-dependent electrical resistivity analyses of different soil classes on a laboratory scale. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(16), 0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7745-3

Bhatt, S., & Jain, P. K. (2014). Correlation between electrical resistivity and water content of sand – a statistical approach. American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, 6(2), 115–121.

Blodau, C., & Moore, T. R. (2002). Macroporosity affects water movement and pore water sampling in peat soils. Soil Science, 167(2), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200202000-00002

Blum, W. E. H. (2011). Physical Degradation of Soils, Risks and Threats. In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer (pp. 562–563). Encyclopedia of Agrophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_111

Boelter, D. H. (1968). Important Physical Properties of Peat Materials. Proc. of the Third International Peat Congress, 150–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-014-0474-2

BRGM RI. (2024). Peta Gambut Indonesia. Badan Restorasi Gambut Dan Mangrove Republik Indonesia. https://prims.brg.go.id/peta?

Campos, J. R. da R., Silva, A. C., Fernandes, J. S. C., Ferreira, M. M., & Silva, D. V. (2011). Water retention in a peatland with organic matter in different decomposition stages. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Do Solo, 35(4), 1217–1227. https://doi.org/10.1590/ s0100- 06832011000400015

Certini, G. (2005). Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: A review. Oecologia, 143(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1788-8

Chen, T., Xu, M., Tu, J., Wang, H., & Niu, X. (2018). Relationship between Omnibus and Post-hoc Tests: An Investigation of performance of the F test in ANOVA. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 30(1), 60–64. https://doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.218014

Cochrane, M. A. (2001). Synergistic interactions between habitat fragmentation and fire in evergreen tropical forests. Conservation Biology, 15(6), 1515–1521. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.01091.x

Dariah, A., Maftuah, E., & Maswar. (2013). Karakteristik Lahan Gambut. In Panduan Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Lahan Gambut Terdegradas (pp. 16–29).

Delsiyanti, Widjajanto, D., & Rajamuddin, U. A. (2016). Sifat Fisik Tanah Pada Beberapa Penggunaan Lahan. J. Agrotekbis, 4(3), 227–234.

Dikici, H., & Yilmaz, C. H. (2006). Peat Fire Effects on Some Properties of an Artificially Drained Peatland. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35(3), 866–870. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0170

Dohong, A., Aziz, A. A., & Dargusch, P. (2017). A review of the drivers of tropical peatland degradation in South-East Asia. Land Use Policy, 69(September), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol. 2017.09.035

Dohong, S. (1999). Peningkatan produktivitas tanah gambut yang disawahkan dengan pemberian bahan amelioran tanah mineral berkadar besi tinggi [IPB University]. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/ handle/123456789/1671

Dripp, W. (2019a). Unsur-unsur Hara MAKRO dan Karakteristiknya. [email protected]. https://bumikita.id/artikel/detail/Unsur-unsur-Hara-MAKRO-dan-Karakteristiknya

Dripp, W. (2019b). Unsur-unsur Hara MIKRO dan Peranannya. [email protected]. https://bumikita.id/artikel/detail/Unsur-unsur-Hara-MIKRO-dan-Peranannya

Ekwue, E. I., & Harrilal, A. (2010). Effect of soil type, peat, slope, compaction effort and their interactions on infiltration, runoff and raindrop erosion of some Trinidadian soils. Biosystems Engineering, 105(1), 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosyste mseng.2009.10.001

Endrawati, Purwanto, J., Nugroho, S., & S, R. A. (2016). Identifikasi Areal Bekas Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Menggunakan Analisis Semi Otomatis Citra Satelit. Seminar Nasional Geomatika 2017: Inovasi Teknologi Penyediaan Informasi Geospasial Untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, 273–282.

Esterle, J. S., & Ferm, J. C. (1994). Spatial variability in modern tropical peat deposits from Sarawak, Malaysia and Sumatra, Indonesia: analogues for coal. International Journal of Coal Geology, 26(1–2), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(94)90030-2

Ezzati, S., Najafi, A., Rab, M. A., & Zenner, E. K. (2012). Recovery of soil bulk density, porosity and rutting from ground skidding over a 20-year period after timber harvesting in Iran. Silva Fennica, 46(4), 521–538. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.908

Fahmi, A., & Radjagukguk, B. (2013). Peran Gambut Terhadap Nitrogen Total Tanah Di Lahan Rawa. Jurnal Berita Biologi, 12(2), 223–230.

Fahmi, A., & Wakhid, N. (2018). Karakteristik lahan rawa. Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/328800813, November, 28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 328800813

Ferreira, C. J. B., Tormena, C. A., Severiano, E. D. C., Zotarelli, L., & Betioli Júnior, E. (2021). Soil compaction influences soil physical quality and soybean yield under long-term no-tillage. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67(3), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2020.1733535

Firmansyah, I., & Sumarni, N. (2016). Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk N dan Varietas Terhadap pH Tanah, N-Total Tanah, Serapan N, dan Hasil Umbi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) pada Tanah Entisols-Brebes Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Hortikultura, 23(4), 358. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v23n4.2013.p358-364

Foth, H. D. (1990). Fundamental of Soil Science (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Gischa, S. (2020). Kesuburan Tanah: Ciri dan Cara Merawatnya. Kompas.Com. https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/01/20/100000769/kesuburan-tanah-ciri-dan-cara-merawatnya?page=all

Granged, A. J. P., Zavala, L. M., Jordán, A., & Bárcenas-Moreno, G. (2011). Post-fire evolution of soil properties and vegetation cover in a Mediterranean heathland after experimental burning: A 3-year study. Geoderma, 164(1–2), 85–94.

Grossman, R. B., & Reinsch, T. G. (2002). The Solid Phase 2.1. Bulk density and linear extensibility. Chapter 2. ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 4. Physical methods’. In Soil Science Society American Book (pp. 210–228). (SSSA Inc: Madison, WI).

Hadden, R. M., Rein, G., & Belcher, C. M. (2013). Study of the competing chemical reactions in the initiation and spread of smouldering combustion in peat. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 34(2), 2547–2553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.060

Hikmatullah, ., & Sukarman, . (2015). Physical and Chemical Properties of Cultivated Peat Soils in Four Trial Sites of ICCTF in Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Soils, 19(3), 131. https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i3.131-141

Hooijer, A., Page, S., Jauhiainen, J., Lee, W. A., Lu, X. X., Idris, A., & Anshari, G. (2012). Subsidence and carbon loss in drained tropical peatlands. Biogeosciences, 9(3), 1053–1071. https://doi.org/10. 5194 /bg-9- 1053-2012

Hoscilo, A., Page, S. E., Tansey, K. J., & Rieley, J. O. (2011). Effect of repeated fires on land-cover change on peatland in southern Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, from 1973 to 2005. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 20(4), 578–588. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF10029

Hutchinson, C. S. (2005). Geology of North-West Borneo: Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah. In Elsevier (Vol. 52, Issue 1, pp. 1–5).

Ismawi, S. M., Gandaseca1, S., & Ahmed, O. H. (2012). Effects of deforestation on soil major macro-nutrient and other selected chemical properties of secondary tropical peat swamp forest. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 7(14), 2225–2228. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps11.596

Johari, N. N., Bakar, I., Razali, S. N. M., & Wahab, N. (2016). Fiber Effects on Compressibility of Peat. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 136(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/ 1757-899X/136/1/012036

Joosten, H., Tol, M.-L. T.-B., & Tol, S. (2012). Peatlands - Guidance for climate change mitigation through conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable use. In The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Wetlands International (2nd ed.). Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture (MICCA) Programme. http://www.fao.org/3/an762e/an762e.pdf

Kepmen KLHK-RI. (2017). Penetapan Peta Kesatuan Hidrologis Gambut Nasional. In Sk.129/Menlhk/Setjen/Pkl.0/2/2017. http://pkgppkl. menlhk.go.id/v0/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/buku-sk-menlhk-no.129-th2017_Penetapan-Peta-KHG-Nasional.pdf

Klemedtsson, L., Von Arnold, K., Weslien, P., & Gundersen, P. (2005). Soil CN ratio as a scalar parameter to predict nitrous oxide emissions. Global Change Biology, 11(7), 1142–1147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00973.x

KLHK-RI. (2015). Peta Kesatuan Hidrologis Gambut Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Region Kalimantan.

Könönen, M., Jauhiainen, J., Laiho, R., Kusin, K., & Vasander, H. (2015a). Physical and chemical properties of tropical peat under stabilised land uses. Mires and Peat, 16(October), 1–13.

Könönen, M., Jauhiainen, J., Laiho, R., Kusin, K., & Vasander, H. (2015b). Physical and chemical properties of tropical peat under stabilised land uses. Mires and Peat, 16, 1–13.

Konsorsium Central Kalimantan Peatlands Project (CKPP). (2008). Tanya & Jawab: Seputar Gambut di Asia Tenggara, Khususnya di Indonesia. http://wetlands.or.id/PDF/buku_saku_gambut.pdf

Kool, D. M., Buurman, P., & Hoekman, D. H. (2006). Oxidation and compaction of a collapsed peat dome in Central Kalimantan. Geoderma, 137(1–2), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. geoderma.2006.08.021

Kowalczyk, S., Zukowska, K. A., Mendecki, M. J., & Łukasiak, D. (2017). Application of electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) for the assessment of peat properties: A case study of the Całowanie Fen, Central Poland. Acta Geophysica, 65(1), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-017-0018-9

Kranz, C. N., McLaughlin, R. A., Johnson, A., Miller, G., & Heitman, J. L. (2020). The effects of compost incorporation on soil physical properties in urban soils – A concise review. Journal of Environmental Management, 261, 110209. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jenvman.2020.110209

Krüger, J. P., Leifeld, J., Glatzel, S., Szidat, S., & Alewell, C. (2015). Biogeochemical indicators of peatland degradation - A case study of a temperate bog in northern Germany. Biogeosciences, 12(10), 2861–2871. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2861-2015

Kurnain, A, Notohadikusomo, T., Radgjagukguk, B., & Hastuti, S. (2001). Peat soil properties related to degree of decomposition under different land use systems. International Peat Journal, 11, 67–78.

Kurnain, Ahmad. (2005). Dampak Kegiatan Pertanian dan Kebakaran atas Watak Gambut Ombrogen. UGM Yogyakarta.

Kurnain, Ahmad. (2015). Moisture Release of Tropical Peat Soils As Decreasing Water Table. Tropical Wetland Journal, 1(1), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.20527/twj.v1i1.15

Kurnain, Ahmad. (2019). Hydrophysical properties of ombrotrophic peat under drained peatlands. International Agrophysics, 33(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/110773

Kurnain, Ahmad, & Hayati, A. (2018). Characteristics of Water Retention of Ombrotropic Peats under Different Land Uses. International Conference on Emerging Trends in Academic Research, 3, 271–280. http://eprints.ulm.ac.id/3165/1/27_ETAR-16-152.pdf

Kurnain, Ahmad, Notohadikusomo, T., Radgjagukguk, B., & Hastuti, S. (2001). Peat soil properties related to degree of decomposition under different land use systems. International Peat Journal, 11, 67–78.

Kurnain, Ahmad, Notohadikusumo, T., & Radjagukguk, B. (2006). Impact of development and cultivation on hydro-physical properties of tropical peat soils. Tropics, 15(4), 383–389. https://doi.org/10. 3759/tropics.15.383

Kurnain, Akhmad. (2005). Dampak pertanian & kebakaran hutan terhadap gambut ombrogen. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Laiho R, & Pearson M. (2016). Surface peat and its dynamics following drainage – do they facilitate estimation of carbon losses with the C/ash method? Mires and Peat, 17(8), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2016.OMB.247

Lampela, M., Jauhiainen, J., & Vasander, H. (2014). Surface peat structure and chemistry in a tropical peat swamp forest. Plant and Soil, 382(1–2), 329–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2187-5

Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2009). Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. In Science and Technology. Earthscan. https://books.google.co.ke/books? hl=en&lr=&id=iqrksC-PT1kC&oi=fnd&pg=PA127&dq=Brown+R+(2009)+Biochar+production+technology.+In+‘Biochar+for+environmental+management:+science+and+technology’.+(Eds+J+Lehmann,+S+Joseph)+pp.+127–146.+(

Leifeld, J., & Menichetti, L. (2018). The underappreciated potential of peatlands in global climate change mitigation strategies. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03406-6

Leifeld, Jens, Klein, K., & Wüst-Galley, C. (2020). Soil organic matter stoichiometry as indicator for peatland degradation. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64275-y

Lennartz, B., & Liu, H. (2019). Hydraulic functions of peat soils and ecosystem service. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7(JUN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00092

Liimatainen, M., Voigt, C., Martikainen, P. J., Hytönen, J., Regina, K., Óskarsson, H., & Maljanen, M. (2018). Factors controlling nitrous oxide emissions from managed northern peat soils with low carbon to nitrogen ratio. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 122(November 2017), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. soilbio.2018.04.006

Liu, H., Zak, D., Rezanezhad, F., & Lennartz, B. (2019). Soil degradation determines release of nitrous oxide and dissolved organic carbon from peatlands. Environmental Research Letters, 14(9), 094009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab3947

Liu, Haojie, & Lennartz, B. (2019). Hydraulic properties of peat soils along a bulk density gradient—A meta study. Hydrological Processes, 33(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13314

Liu, Haojie, Rezanezhad, F., & Lennartz, B. (2022). Impact of land management on available water capacity and water storage of peatlands. Geoderma, 406(January), 1–7. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.geoderma.2021.115521

Liu, Haojie, Zak, D., Zableckis, N., Cossmer, A., Langhammer, N., Meermann, B., & Lennartz, B. (2023). Water pollution risks by smoldering fires in degraded peatlands. Science of the Total Environment, 871(February 2023), 161979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161979

Liu, L., Lu, Y., Fu, Y., Horton, R., & Ren, T. (2022). Estimating soil water suction from texture , bulk density , and electrical resistivity. Geoderma, 409(115630), 1–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.geoderma.2021.115630

Loke, M. . (2000). Electrical imaging surveys for environmental and engineering studies. A practical guide to 2-D and 3-D surveys (pp. 1–67). www.abem.se.

Lundin, L., & Bergquist, B. (1990). Effects on water chemistry after drainage of a bog for forestry. Hydrobiologia, 196, 167–181.

Maas, A. (1997). Pengelolaan lahan gambut yang berkelanjutan dan berwawasan lingkungan. Jurnal Alami, 2(1), 12–16.

MacDonald, J. A., Dise, N. B., Matzner, E., Armbruster, M., Gundersen, P., & Forsius, M. (2002). Nitrogen input together with ecosystem nitrogen enrichment predict nitrate leaching from European forests. Global Change Biology, 8(10), 1028–1033. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00532.x

Maftu’ah, E., Ma’as, A., & Purwanto, B. H. (2014). Journal Of Degraded And Mining L ands Management N , P and K storage efficiency on degraded peat soil through ameliorant application. Journal of Defraded and Mining Lands Management, 1(4), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2014.014.187

Marcotte, A. L., Limpens, J., Stoof, C. R., & Stoorvogel, J. J. (2022). Can ash from smoldering fires increase peatland soil pH? International Journal of Wildland Fire, 31(6), 607–620. https://doi.org/10. 1071/WF21150

Marjuni, Wahyono, S. C., & Siregar, S. S. (2015). Identifikasi Litologi Bawah Permukaan dengan Metode Geolistrik Pada Jalan Trans Kalimantan yang Melewati Daerah Rawa di Kabupaten Banjar Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Fisika FLUX, 12(1), 53–62.

Marudut, T., Sitinjak, T., Muhammad, J., & Dewi, R. (2024). Peatland aquifer zone modeling via Wenner and Schlumberger configuration geoelectric strategies in Tarai Bangun Village, Riau Province, Indonesia. Science, Technology and Communication Journal, 4(2), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.59190/stc.v4i2.257

McEachern, P., Prepas, E. E., Gibson, J. J., & Dinsmore, W. P. (2000). Forest fire induced impacts on phosphorus, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentrations in boreal subarctic lakes of northern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57(SUPPL. 2), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-57-s2-73

Miettinen, J. (2007). Burnt area mapping in insular Southeast Asia using medium resolution satellite imagery [University of Helsinki]. In Dissertationes Forestales (Vol. 2007, Issue 45). https://doi.org/10. 14214/df.45

Miettinen, J., Hooijer, A., Shi, C., Tollenaar, D., Vernimmen, R., Liew, S. C., Malins, C., & Page, S. E. (2012). Extent of industrial plantations on Southeast Asian peatlands in 2010 with analysis of historical expansion and future projections. GCB Bioenergy, 4(6), 908–918. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2012.01172.x

Miettinen, J., & Liew, S. C. (2010). Status of peatland degradation and development in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Ambio, 39(5), 394–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0051-2

Miettinen, J., Shi, C., & Liew, S. C. (2017). Fire Distribution in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2015 with Special Emphasis on Peatland Fires. Environmental Management, 60(4), 747–757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0911-7

Miller, J. D., Anderson, H. A., Ferrier, R. C., & Walker, T. A. B. (1990). Hydrochemical fluxes and their effects on stream acidity in two forested catchments in central Scotland. Forestry, 63, 311–330.

Minkkinen, K., & Laine, J. (1998). Effect of forest drainage on the peat bulk density of pine mires in Finland. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 28(2), 178–186. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-206

Mocek, A., & Owczarzak, W. (2011). Parent Material and Soil Physical Properties. In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics: Vol. Part 4. Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1

Moore, S., Evans, C. D., Page, S. E., Garnett, M. H., Jones, T. G., Freeman, C., Hooijer, A., Wiltshire, A. J., Limin, S. H., & Gauci, V. (2013). Deep instability of deforested tropical peatlands revealed by fluvial organic carbon fluxes. Nature, 493(7434), 660–663. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11818

Muara Laut Tarigan, Nugroho, D., Firman, B., & Kunarso, A. (2015). Pemutakhiran Peta Rawan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan dan. Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan.

Muqaddas, B., Zhou, X., Lewis, T., Wild, C., & Chen, C. (2015). Long-term frequent prescribed fire decreases surface soil carbon and nitrogen pools in a wet sclerophyll forest of Southeast Queensland, Australia. Science of the Total Environment, 536, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.023

Nanda, A., Mohapatra, D. B. B., Mahapatra, A. P. K., Mahapatra, A. P. K., & Mahapatra, A. P. K. (2021). Multiple comparison test by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD): Do the confident level control type I error. International Journal of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, 6(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.22271/maths. 2021.v6.i1a.636

Nasreen, S., Haque, M. M., & Hossain, M. A. (2007). Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilization. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 32(September), 413–420.

Noble, A., Palmer, S. M., Glaves, D. J., Crowle, A., & Holden, J. (2017). Impacts of peat bulk density, ash deposition and rainwater chemistry on establishment of peatland mosses. Plant and Soil, 419(1–2), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3325-7

Noor, M. (2001). Pertanian Lahan Gambut Potensi dan Kendala. Penerbit Kanisius.

Noor, M., Masganti, & Agus, F. (2014). Pembentukan dan Karakteristik Gambut Tropika Indonesia. In Lahan Gambut Indonesia (pp. 7–32). IAARD Press.

Novitasari, Sujono, J., Harto, S., Azwar, M., & Rachmad, J. (2018). Pengaruh karakteristik gambut terdegradasi terhadap kebakaran lahan gambut (Studi kasus lahan gambut PLG Blok A di Kalimantan Tengah). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 3(April), 347–351. http://snllb.ulm.ac.id/prosiding/index.php/ snllb-lit/article/view/77/75#

Nurlina, Ridwan, I., & Putri, W. E. (2018). Analisis kebakaran lahan gambut menggunakan citra satelit multitemporal. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 3(2), 1–4. https://snllb.ulm.ac.id/prosiding/index.php/snllb-lit/article/download/78/76

Page, S. E., Rieley, J. O., Shotyk, W., & Weiss, D. (1999). Interdependence of peat and vegetation in a tropical peat swamp forest. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 354(1391), 1885–1887. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb. 1999.0529

Pantau Gambut. (2021). Penyebab Kerusakan Lahan Gambut. Https://Www.Pantaugambut.Id/. https://www.pantaugambut.id/pelajari/penyebab-kerusakan-lahan-gambut

Pezdir, V., Čeru, T., Horn, B., & Gosar, M. (2021). Investigating peatland stratigraphy and development of the Šijec bog (Slovenia) using near-surface geophysical methods. Catena, 206(September 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105484

PP RI Nomor 57 Tahun 2016. (2016). Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 57 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Gambut.

Prat-Guitart, N., Rein, G., Hadden, R. M., Belcher, C. M., & Yearsley, J. M. (2016). Effects of spatial heterogeneity in moisture content on the horizontal spread of peat fires. Science of the Total Environment, 572, 1422–1430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.145

Putra, D. (2017). BRG Mulai Restorasi Kerusahan Lahan Gambut di Kalsel. Kabar Kalimantan. https://redkal.com/

Putri, D. P., Wahyono, S. C., & Manik, T. N. (2015). Kontaminasi Limbah Cair Bawah Permukaan di TPA Cahaya Kencana, Kabupaten Banjar. Jurnal Fisika Flux, 12(2), 140–149.

Rahgozar, M. A., & Saberian, M. (2015). Physical and chemical properties of two Iranian peat types. Mires and Peat, 16, 1–17.

Ramadhan, R., Azis, M. R., & Indarto, B. (2022). Eksplorasi Panas Bumi Dengan Metode Geolistrik. Jurnal Petro 2022, XI(1), 23–26.

Ramadhan, S., Tiwow, V. M. A., & Said, I. (2017). Analisis Kadar Unsur Nitrogen (N) Dan Posforus (P) Dalam Lamun (Enhalus acoroides) Di Wilayah Perairan Pesisir Kabonga Besar Kecamatan Banawa Kabupaten Donggala. Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 5(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2016.v5.i1.7998

Rasmi, Sutanto, Y., Perdhana, R., Marbun, M., Machmud, A., & Pratiwi, E. S. (2024). Identification of Groundwater Aquifers Using Geoelectric Methods with Schlumberger Configuration in Peatland Areas , West Kalimantan , Indonesia. International Journal of Hydrological and Environmental for Sustainability, 3(1), 8–17.

Ratnaningsih, A. T., & Prasytaningsih, S. R. (2017). The Characteristics of Peats and Co2 Emission Due to Fire in Industrial Plant Forests. IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 97, 12029.

Reynolds, W. D., Bowman, B. T., Drury, C. F., Tan, C. S., & Lu, X. (2002). Indicators of good soil physical quality: Density and storage parameters. Geoderma, 110(1–2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00228-8

Rieley, J. O., Notohadiprawiro, T., Setiadi, B., & Limin, S. H. (2008). Restoration of tropical peatland in Indonesia: why, where and how? Restoration of Tropical Peatlands, Editors by: Henk Wosten, Jack Rieley and Susan Page. Restorpeat and International Peat Society, 2008, 20–28.

Rimba Kita. (2019). pH Tanah – Pengertian, Jenis, Pengukuran & Manfaat. Rimbakita.Com. https://rimbakita.com/ph-tanah/

Robinson, D. A., Thomas, A., Reinsch, S., Lebron, I., Feeney, C. J., Maskell, L. C., Wood, C. M., Seaton, F. M., Emmett, B. A., & Cosby, B. J. (2022). Analytical modelling of soil porosity and bulk density across the soil organic matter and land-use continuum. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11099-7

Rosyidah, E., & Wirosoedarmo, R. (2013). Effect of Soil Physical Properties on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in The 5 Land Use (A Case Study in Sumbersari Malang). Agritech, 33(3), 340–345.

Sabiham, S., & Maswar. (2014). Strategi Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Terdegradasi untuk Pertanian Berkelanjutan: Landasan Ilmiah. In Lahan Gambut Indonesia (pp. 223–242). IAARD Press.

Sajarwan, A., Jaya, A., & Banuwa, I. S. (2021). Water Retention and Saturation Degree of Peat Soil in Sebangau Catchment Area, Central Kalimantan. Journal of Tropical Soils, 26(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.2021.v26i1.29-42

Sandman, J. (2018). Fiber Content As an Indicator of Peat. Ostfalia Hochschule.

Saputra, A. D., Setiabudidaya, D., Setyawan, D., & Iskandar, I. (2019). Validasi Areal Terbakar dengan Metode Normalized Burning Ratio Menggunkan UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle): Studi Kasus. Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 19(2), 66–72. http://ejurnal.mipa.unsri.ac.id/ index.php/jps/article/view/476

Schindler, U., Behrendt, A., & Müller, L. (2003). Change of soil hydrological properties of fens as a result of soil development. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 166(3), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200390055

Septian, A., Junedi, H., & Kurniawan Mastur, A. (2023). Estimasi Cadangan Karbon Bawah Permukaan Lahan Gambut Di Desa Catur Rahayu Kecamatan Dendang Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 10(2), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2023.010.2.12

Siegert, F., Ruecker, G., Hinrichs, A., & Hoffmann, A. A. (2001). Increased damage from fires in logged forests during droughts caused by El Niño. Nature, 414(6862), 437–440. https://doi.org/10.1038/ 35106547

Sinclair, A. L., Graham, L. L. B., Putra, E. I., Saharjo, B. H., Applegate, G., Grover, S. P., & Cochrane, M. A. (2020). Effects of distance from canal and degradation history on peat bulk density in a degraded tropical peatland. Science of the Total Environment, 699, 134199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134199

Soil Survey Staff. (1999). Soil Taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys (2nd ed.). United State Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Agriculture Handbook.

Soil Survey Staff. (2003). Key to Soil Taxonomy (9th ed.). United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Strack, M., Davidson, S. J., Hirano, T., & Dunn, C. (2022). The Potential of Peatlands as Nature-Based Climate Solutions. Current Climate Change Reports, 8(3), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-022-00183-9

Sudarmi. (2014). Pentingnya Unsur Hara Mikro Bagi Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Widyatama, 22(2), 178–183. https://docplayer.info/ 36704679-Pentingnya-unsur-hara-mikro-bagi-pertumbuhan-tanaman.html

Suganda, H., Rachman, A., & Sutono. (2006). Petunjuk pengambilan contoh tanah. In U. Kurnia, F. Agus, A. Adimihardja, & A. Dariah (Eds.), Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Metode Analisisnya (p. 24). Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.

Sulaeman, Suparto, & Eviati. (2005). Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman dan Pupuk. In Balai Penelitian Tanah,. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Departemen Pertanian. https://doi.org/10.30965/9783657766277_011

Sumiati, E., & Gunawan, O. S. (2006). Sumiati_bawang_merah. Hortikultura, 17(1), 34–42.

Suryana, D. R. H., Hendarmawan, H., & Yan Waliyana, T. (2022). Pemodelan Karakteristik Aliran Airtanah Sistem Porous dengan Uji Permeabilitas, Porositas dan Kompresibilitas Batuan pada Fasies Gunungapi Gede-Pangrango Bagian Tenggara. Jurnal Geologi Dan Sumberdaya Mineral, 23(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.33 332/jgsm.geologi.v23i1.563

Susandi, S., Oksana, O., & Arminudin, A. T. (2015). Analisis Sifat Fisika Tanah Gambut Pada Hutan Gambut Di Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 5(2), 23. https://doi.org/10.24014/ja.v5i2.1351

Sutejo, Y., Saggaff, A., Rahayu, W., & Hanafiah. (2017). Physical and chemical characteristics of fibrous peat. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1903(November), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1063/ 1.5011609

Takakai, F., Morishita, T., Hashidoko, Y., Darung, U., Kuramochi, K., Dohong, S., Limin, S. H., & Hatano, R. (2006). Effects of agricultural land-use change and forest fire on N2O emission from tropical peatlands, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52(5), 662–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2006.00084.x

Taufik, M., Veldhuizen, A. A., Wösten, J. H. M., & van Lanen, H. A. J. (2019). Exploration of the importance of physical properties of Indonesian peatlands to assess critical groundwater table depths, associated drought and fire hazard. Geoderma, 347(April), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.04.001

Tekalign, T., Abdissa, Y., & Pant, L. M. (2012). Growth, bulb yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisol. II: Bulb quality and storability. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(45), 5980–5985. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar10.1025

Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P., & Sheriff, R. E. (1990). Applied Geophysics. In Cambridge University Press (Second Edi). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780367812614-1

Trappe, J., & Kneisel, C. (2019). Geophysical and sedimentological investigations of peatlands for the assessment of lithology and subsurface water pathways. Geosciences (Switzerland), 9(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9030118

Usman, U. (2012). Teknik Penetapan Nitrogen Total pada Contoh Tanah Secara Destilasi Titrimetri dan Kolorimetri Menggunakan Autoanalyzer. Buletin Teknik Pertanian, 17(I), 41–44.

Usup, A., Hashimoto, Y., Takahashi, H., & Hayasaka, H. (2004). Combustion and thermal characteristics of peat fire in tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tropics, 14(1), 1–19. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tropics/14/1/14_1_1/_pdf

Vahdat, E., Nourbakhsh, F., & Basiri, M. (2011). Lignin content of range plant residues controls N mineralization in soil. European Journal of Soil Biology, 47(4), 243–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi. 2011.05.001

Valois, R., Vargas, J. A., AcDonell, S., Pinones, C. G., Fernandoy, F., Yánez Carrizo, G., Cuevas, J. G., Sproles, E. A., & Maldonado, A. (2021). Improving the underground structural characterization and hydrological functioning of an Andean peatland using geoelectrics and water stable isotopes in semi-arid Chile. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09331-6

Verry, E. S., Boelter, D. H., Päivänen, J., Nichols, D. S., Malterer, T., & Gafni, A. (2011). Physical Properties of Organic Soils. In Peatland Biogeochemistry and Watershed Hydrology (Issue 1959, pp. 135–176). https://doi.org/10.1201/b10708-6

Viodeogo, Y. (2017). Restorasi Gambut_ BRG dan Kalsel Sepakati 105.023 Ha. Kabar24 Bisnis.Com. https://kabar24.bisnis. com/read/ 20170815/78/681126/

Wahyono, S. C., Siregar, S. S., Putri, R. A., Sari, N., Wianto, T., & Nasrulloh, A. V. (2023). Identifying and Classifying Andesite Rocks Based on Resistivity in Tanah Bumbu County, South Kalimantan. ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences, 1, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.33677/ggianas20230100088

Wahyono, S. C, & Sari, N. (2007). Penentuan Kontaminasi Limbah Cair dengan Metode Geolistrik. Jurnal Sains MIPA Universitas, 13(3), 183–189. http://jurnal.fmipa.unila.ac.id/index.php/sains/article/view/155

Wahyono, S. C., Atmadja, K. G., & Siregar, S. S. (2020). Identification of Andesite Rock Based on the Resistivity Value in Satui Area, South Kalimantan. Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi, 6(3), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.23960/jge.v6i3.93

Wahyono, S. C., Hidayat, T. A., Pariadi, P., Hapsari, P., Novianti, R. F., Dewi, R. K., & Minarto, O. (2011). Aplikasi Metode Tahanan Jenis 2D untuk Mengidentifikasi Potensi Daerah Rawan Longsor di Gunung Kupang, Banjarbaru. Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika, 8(2), 95–103.

Wahyono, S. C., Kurnain, A., Nata, I. F., & Asyari, M. (2023). Post Peat Fire Soil Natural Recovery Based on Physical Properties in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 35(18), 1416–1424. https://doi.org/10.9734/ IJPSS/2023/v35i183409

Wahyunto, & Dariah, A. (2014). Degradasi Lahan di Indonesia: Kondisi Existing, Karakteristik, dan Penyeragaman Definisi Mendukung Gerakan Menuju Satu Peta. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 8(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.2018/jsdl.v8i2.6470

Wahyunto, Dariah, A., & Agus, F. (2010). Distribution, properties, and carbon stock of Indonesian peatland. Proc. of Int. Workshop on Evaluation and Sustainable Management of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Asian Countries, 187–204.

Wallor, E., Rosskopf, N., & Zeitz, J. (2018). Hydraulic properties of drained and cultivated fen soils part I - Horizon-based evaluation of van Genuchten parameters considering the state of moorsh-forming process. Geoderma, 313(March 2017), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.026

Wiley, J., & York, N. (1985). AP42 Section : Background Ch Reference : Title : H . L . Bohn et al ., Soil Chemistry ,. I.

Xue, W., Ma, H., Xiang, M., Tian, J., & Liu, X. (2023). From Sphagnum to shrub: Increased acidity reduces peat bacterial diversity and keystone microbial taxa imply peatland degradation. Land Degradation and Development, 34(17), 5259–5272. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4842

Yoneyama, T. (1991). Uptake, assimilation and translocation of nitrogen by crops. JARQ. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 25(2), 75–82.

Yulianto, F. E., Harwadi, F., & Rusdiansyahi. (2019). Characteristics of Palangkaraya fibrous peat. MATEC Web of Conferences, 276, 05008. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927605008